关键词：
carbon quantum dots;coffee;cytotoxicity;pulsed electric field
摘要：
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) from heat-treated foods show toxicity, but the mechanisms of toxicity and removal of CQDs have not been elucidated. In this study, CQDs were purified from roasted coffee beans through a process of concentration, dialysis and lyophilization. The physical properties of CQDs, the degree and mechanism of toxicity and the removal method were studied. Our results showed that the size of CQDs roasted for 5 min, 10 min and 20 min were about 5.69 & PLUSMN; 1.10 nm, 2.44 & PLUSMN; 1.08 nm and 1.58 & PLUSMN; 0.48 nm, respectively. The rate of apoptosis increased with increasing roasting time and concentration of CQDs. The longer the roasting time of coffee beans, the greater the toxicity of CQDs. However, the caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK was not able to inhibit CQDs-induced apoptosis. Moreover, CQDs affected the pH value of lysosomes, causing the accumulation of RIPK1 and RIPK3 in lysosomes. Treatment of coffee beans with a pulsed electric field (PEF) significantly reduced the yield of CQDs. This indicates that CQDs induced lysosomal-dependent cell death and increased the rate of cell death through necroptosis. PEF is an effective way to remove CQDs from roasted coffee beans.
摘要：
Mulberry leaves contain various bioactive constituents and are widely used as traditional medicine and food in Asia. In this study, mulberry leaves were processed by solid-state fermentation (SSF) using a mixture microbial of Lactobacillus plantarum, Candida utilis, Trichoderma koningii, and Bacillus cereus. The effects of SSF on the metabolite profile, antioxidant activity, and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity (GIA) of mulberry leaves were investigated. UPLC-QQQ-MS/MS-based widely targeted metabolomic analysis showed the detection of 11 classes of metabolites. SSF drastically influenced the metabolites of mulberry leaves. A total of 441 differential metabolites were identified after SSF, with 165 metabolites remarkably up-regulated and 276 metabolites of mulberry leaves drastically down-regulated during fermentation. The main types of differential metabolites were phenolic acids and flavonoids. Furthermore, SSF significantly increased the levels of total phenolics and flavonoids, and enhanced the scavenging activities of DPPH radical and ABTS & sdot;+, reducing power, ferrous ion chelating ability, ferric reducing antioxidant power, and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity of mulberry leaves. In conclusion, our study revealed that SSF remarkably improved the phytochemical components of mulberry leaves, thereby contributing to the enhancement of antioxidant and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activities.
通讯机构：
[Liu, Z ; Liu, SC ] ;Changsha Univ, Coll Biol & Chem Engn, Hunan Prov Key Lab Nutr & Qual Control Aquat Anim, Changsha 410022, Peoples R China.;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Food Sci & Technol, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Carassius carassius triploid;dietary protein level;muscle quality;antioxidation;autophagy
摘要：
The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of dietary protein levels on flesh quality, oxidative stress, and autophagy status in the muscles of triploid crucian carp (Carassius carassius triploid), and the related molecular mechanisms. Six experimental diets with different protein levels (26%, 29%, 32%, 35%, 38%, 41%) were formulated. A total of 540 fish with an initial weight of 11.79 & PLUSMN; 0.09 g were randomly assigned to 18 cages and six treatments with three replicates of 30 fish each for 8 weeks feeding. It could be found that the whole-body ash content significantly increased in high protein level groups (p < 0.05). The 29% dietary protein level group exhibited the highest muscle moisture, although there was an inconspicuous decrease in the chewiness of the muscles when compared with the other groups. The dietary protein level influenced the content of free amino acids and nucleotides, especially the content of flavor amino acids, which exhibited an increasing tendency along with the increasing protein level, such as alanine and glutamic acid, while the flavor nucleotides showed different fluctuation trends. Moreover, the genes related to muscle development were shown to be influenced by the dietary protein level, especially the expression of MRF4, which was up-regulated with the increasing dietary protein levels. The 29% dietary protein level promoted the majority of analyzed muscle genes expression to the highest level when compared to other dietary levels, except the Myostain, whose expression reached its highest at 38% dietary protein levels. Furthermore, the effect of dietary protein levels on antioxidant signaling pathway genes were also examined. High protein levels would boost the expression of GST & alpha;; GPX1 and GPX4 & alpha; mRNA expression showed the highest level at the 32% dietary protein group. The increasing dietary protein level decreased both mRNA and protein expressions of Nrf2 by up-regulating Keap1. Autophagy-related gene expression levels reached the peak at 32% dietary protein level, as evidenced by a similar change in protein expression of FoxO1. In summary, muscle nutritional composition, antioxidative pathways, and autophagy levels were affected by the dietary protein levels. A total of 29-32% dietary protein level would be the appropriate level range to improve muscle quality and promote the antioxidant and autophagy capacity of triploid crucian carp muscles.
摘要：
In this study, cellulose nanofibril (CNF) films from ramie fibers were prepared with different pectin compositions and contents, and the influence of residual pectin on the overall performances of CNF films was evaluated. There was no significant effect of the residual pectin composition on the properties of obtained CNF films. However, when the content of residual pectin was increased from 0.45 % to 9.16 %, the surface area and water absorption of CNF films were increased from 0.2223 to 0.3300 m2/g, and from 93.51 % to 122.42 %, respectively. Pectin covers the CNF surface and act as a physical barrier between the cellulose fibrils; thus the nanocellulose films with high pectin content will have a loose and porous structure, resulting in a high surface area and a high water absorption. Besides, with the residual pectin content decreasing from 9.16 % to 0.45 %, the UVA light transmittance and tensile strength of CNF films were increased from 30.6 % to 59.9 %, and from 37.67 to 100.26 MPa, respectively. After removal of amorphous pectins in CNFs, the low pectin containing CNFs are able to pack more compactly to form a strong and thin film. This paper provides guidance for the preparation of CNF films with different performance requirements.
摘要：
Abstract: The areca nut is often consumed as a chewing food in the Asian region. Our previous study revealed that the areca nut is rich in polyphenols with high antioxidant activity. In this study, we further assessed the effects and molecular mechanisms of the areca nut and its major ingredients on a Western diet-induced mice dyslipidemia model. Male C57BL/6N mice were divided into five groups and fed with a normal diet (ND), Western diet (WD), WD with areca nut extracts (ANE), areca nut polyphenols (ANP), and arecoline (ARE) for 12 weeks. The results revealed that ANP significantly reduced WD-induced body weight, liver weight, epididymal fat, and liver total lipid. Serum biomarkers showed that ANP ameliorated WD-enhanced total cholesterol and non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL). Moreover, analysis of cellular signaling pathways revealed that sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP2) and enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryld coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) were significantly downregulated by ANP. The results of gut microbiota analysis revealed that ANP increased the abundance of beneficial bacterium Akkermansias and decreased the abundance of the pathogenic bacterium Ruminococcus while ARE shown the opposite result to ANP. In summary, our data indicated that areca nut polyphenol ameliorated WD-induced dyslipidemia by increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria in the gut microbiota and reducing the expressions of SREBP2 and HMGCR while areca nut ARE inhibited this improvement potential. Keywords: areca nut polyphenol; arecoline; obesity; HMGCR; gut microbiota
摘要：
This study employs a near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (NIRDRS) system to accurate nondestructive determine citrus soluble solids content (SSC). The penetration experiment results showed that the interference of thick peel is large and NIRDRS light has the ability to penetrate the peel to a certain extent. Partial least squares with different characteristic variable selection methods were used to establish the quantitative model of SSC. The results demonstrated that characteristic variable selection methods can select targeted characteristic variables and improve the accuracy with few variables. Monte Carlo-uninformative variable elimination method was selected as the optimal prediction performance. In the best prediction model, the correlation coefficient and root mean square error of prediction of the prediction set are 0.854 and 0.7%Brix, respectively, while the variable number decreases to 440 from 1557. Furthermore, the models using the average spectra of four points on the equator are the most appropriate. Novelty impact statement: The penetrating ability of near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (NIRDRS) light to thick peel and the prediction of internal quality of citrus is still unsatisfactory with traditional partial least squares (PLS) algorithm due to the interference of thick peel. In this study, a nondestructive method for the analysis of soluble solids content (SSC) in citrus was established by NIRDRS with characteristic variable selection algorithms. The results demonstrated that NIRDRS light has the ability to penetrate the peel to a certain extent, while characteristic variable selection methods can select targeted characteristic variables and improve the accuracy of quantitative analysis models with fewer variables.
摘要：
Food-borne pathogens pose health challenges to consumers and are serious concerns in the food industry. Accordingly, we investigated the probiotic properties of Lactococcus lactis C15 and the biological properties of the bacteriocin it produces. The results show C15 exhibited strong gastrointestinal tolerance, excellent cell surface properties, high adhesion ability to Caco-2 cells (>90%), and good safety in vitro. The active peptide produced by C15 has inhibitory activity against pathogens, even after exposure to elevated temperatures (60-121 degrees C) and low pH values (pH 2-5). L. lactis C15 contains the Lactococcin B gene, which produces a nisin-like bacteriocin. Partially purified bacteriocin effectively antagonized the growth of Escherichia coli added to ultra-high temper-ature instantaneous sterilization (UHT) milk. The inhibition of E. coli was similar to that of the reference bacteriocin (nisin). This research aimed to provide a new strategy for food preservation that avoids traditional chemical preservatives.
通讯机构：
[Jie Luo] C;College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410114, China<&wdkj&>Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China<&wdkj&>Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
通讯机构：
[Fachun Wan; Anwei Cheng] C;College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China<&wdkj&>College of Food Science and Technology/Engineering Center of Rapeseed Oil Nutrition Health and Deep Development of Hunan Province, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
通讯机构：
[Zhen Liu] H;Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China<&wdkj&>Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
摘要：
Simple Summary Oligopeptide transporter 1 (PepT1) plays a role in the transportation and absorption of oligopeptides, which is an important part of protein nutrition and affects the growth of animals. Tributyrin (TB), the precursor of butyrate, exhibits similar functions to those of the butyrate in intestinal nutrients absorption. The analysis of TB on the growth of grass carp and its regulation pathway on PepT1 may help us to better understand the functions of TB and oligopeptide transportation via PepT1, which can be modulated by diet. In this study, we demonstrated that an appropriate level of tributyrin supplementation in the diet promoted the growth of juvenile grass carp and elevated the expressions of caudal type homeobox 2 (CDX2), specificity protein 1 (SP1), and PepT1 in the grass carp intestine and primary intestine cell. In addition, CDX2 and SP1 regulating the expression of PepT1 was investigated. Finally, CDX2/SP1-mediating tributyrin regulation on PepT1 was elucidated. This study verified the effect of tributyrin on the growth of juvenile grass carp and clarified the tributyrin regulation pathway on CDX2/SP1-PepT1. The nutritional functions of tributyrin (TB) have been extensively studied, but questions remain regarding its influence on the growth of juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) and the regulation pathway to PepT1 in the intestine of grass carp. To answer the remaining questions, feeding trials, cell trials, and peritoneal injection trials were conducted in this study. The results showed that an appropriate level of TB (0.5 g/kg and 1.0 g/kg) supplementation in feed significantly promoted the growth performance of juvenile grass carp. The expressions of intestine genes (CDX2, SP1 and PepT1) related to oligopeptide transportation increased in the 0.5 g/kg TB group of feeding trials and both the 5 mM and 10 mM TB groups of the intestine cell trials, respectively. Subsequently, the injection trials of inhibitors CDX2 and SP1 demonstrated that the inhibition of CDX2 or SP1 decreased the mRNA expression of PepT1. Finally, the results of independent or combined treatments of TB and the inhibitors suggested that CDX2/SP1 mediated TB regulation on PepT1. These findings may help us to better understand the functions of TB on growth and PepT1 oligopeptide transportation, which could be modulated by dietary TB through the CDX2/SP1-PepT1 pathway in juvenile grass carp.
通讯机构：
[Junjie Li; Liwen Jiang] C;College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Huan Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, Changsha, 410128, China<&wdkj&>School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhaotong University, Zhaotong, 657000, China<&wdkj&>College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Huan Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, Changsha, 410128, China
通讯机构：
[Wei Quan] S;State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China<&wdkj&>College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
关键词：
ginger;deep eutectic solvents;heterocyclic amines;advanced glycation end products;beef patties
关键词：
CDK1;cell cycle;cyclin B;Heliothis virescens ascovirus 3h;SeFB cell line
摘要：
Ascoviruses are double-stranded DNA viruses that are pathogenic to noctuid larvae. In vitro infection causes the cells to fail to replicate and proliferate normally. However, the molecular mechanisms are unclear. In this study, the transmission electron microscopydata of infected-Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) fat body cells (SeFB, IOZCAS-SpexII-A cells) showed that virions were internalized in phagocytic vesicles, but not in the nucleus. FACS of cell-cycle progression was performed in SeFB cells infected with Heliothis virescens ascovirus 3h (HvAV-3h). The cell cycle phase distributions of the SeFB cells were G(1) = 29.52 ± 1.10%, S = 30.33 ± 1.19%, and G(2) /M = 40.06 ± 0.75%. The cell culture doubling time was approximately 24 h. The G(1) , S, and G(2) /M phases were each approximately 8 h. The unsynchronized or synchronized cells were arrested at G(2) /M phase after infection with HvAV-3h. Our data also showed that cells with more than 4N DNA content appeared in the HvAV-3h-treated group. While the mRNA levels of cyclin B(1) , cyclin H, and cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) were downregulated after HvAV-3h infection, the mRNA expression levels of cyclin A, cyclin D, and cyclin B(2) were not significantly changed. Western blotting results showed that the expression of cyclin B(1) and CDK1 in infected SeFB cells within 24 h postinfection(hpi), and HvAV-3h infection inhibited the expression of cyclin B(1) and CDK1 at 12-24 hpi. Overall, these data implied that HvAV-3h infection leads to an accumulation of cells in the G(2) /M phases by downregulating the expression of cyclin B(1) and CDK1.
通讯机构：
[Shenghua Ding] L;Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Fruits and Vegetables Storage Processing and Quality Safety, Changsha 410125, China<&wdkj&>Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
摘要：
Outbreaks and prevalence of infectious diseases worldwide are some of the major contributors to morbidity and morbidity in humans. Pharmacophageous plants are the best source for searching antibacterial compounds with low toxicity to humans. In this study, we identified, for the first time, antibacterial components and action modes of methanol-phase extract from such one edible herbaceous plant Rumex madaio Makino. The bacteriostatic rate of the extract was 75% against 23 species of common pathogenic bacteria. The extract was further purified using the preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (Prep-HPLC) technique, and five separated componential complexes (CC) were obtained. Among these, the CC 1 significantly increased cell surface hydrophobicity and membrane permeability and decreased membrane fluidity, which damaged cell structure integrity of Gram-positive and -negative pathogens tested. A total of 58 different compounds in the extract were identified using ultra-HPLC and mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) techniques. Comparative transcriptomic analyses revealed a number of differentially expressed genes and various changed metabolic pathways mediated by the CC1 action, such as down-regulated carbohydrate transport and/or utilization and energy metabolism in four pathogenic strains tested. Overall, the results in this study demonstrated that the CC1 from R. madaio Makino are promising candidates for antibacterial medicine and human health care products.
