关键词：
Investment;Renewable energy sources;Decision making;Fuzzy sets;Bibliographies;Licenses;Companies;Renewable energy investments;incomplete preferences;consensus group decision making;Pythagorean fuzzy sets;balanced scorecard;DEMATEL
摘要：
The aim of this study is to generate appropriate strategies to improve renewable energy investments. Within this framework, a novel model has also been proposed which includes three different stages. Firstly, incomplete preferences of the relation matrixes are calculated. For this purpose, 4 different decision makers evaluate the balanced scorecard-based criteria. In this stage, missing values are estimated by incomplete preferences to complete the relation matrixes. Additionally, the second stage includes the computing the fuzzy preferences by considering the consensus-based group decision-making (CGDM). The final stage is related to the calculation of the weights of the criteria by considering Pythagorean fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) methodology. Hence, the main motivation of this study is to identify innovative strategies for the renewable energy investments with a novel multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) model based on incomplete preferences, CGDM and Pythagorean fuzzy sets. The findings indicate that learning and growth is the most important balanced scorecard-based perspective to improve the performance of renewable energy investments. Additionally, the perspective of internal process is identified as another significant factor for this situation. The biggest problem in renewable energy projects is their high initial costs. Hence, technological developments reduce the production costs of renewable energy sources. Additionally, it is also possible to increase the amount of electricity from renewable energy sources owing to the innovative technologies. Thus, renewable energy investors should follow up-to-date technological developments so that it will be possible to reduce the cost of renewable energy investments.
作者机构：
[Mo, Ping; Zhao, Yunlin; Xu, Zhenggang; Fan, Li] Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Hunan Res Ctr Engn Technol Utilizat Environm & Re, Changsha 410004, Peoples R China.;[Yang, Guiyan; Fan, Li] Minist Agr & Rural Affairs, Key Lab Microbial Resources Collect & Preservat, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.;[Zhao, Weiping] Hunan Agr Univ, Sch Business, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Xu, Zhenggang; Feng, Wendan; Yang, Guiyan] Northwest A&F Univ, Coll Forestry, Key Lab Natl Forestry & Grassland Adm Management, Xianyang 712100, Peoples R China.;[Mo, Ping] Hunan Univ Arts & Sci, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Changde 415000, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Xu, Zhenggang] C;[Xu, Zhenggang] N;Cent South Univ Forestry & Technol, Hunan Res Ctr Engn Technol Utilizat Environm & Re, Changsha 410004, Peoples R China.;Northwest A&F Univ, Coll Forestry, Key Lab Natl Forestry & Grassland Adm Management, Xianyang 712100, Peoples R China.
关键词：
microbial diversity;bacterial community structure;illumina MiSeq sequencing;mining area soil
摘要：
Soil microorganisms play an important role in regulating a variety of ecological functions. In recent years, the research on ecological restoration after mining has made people more aware of the importance of microbial diversity to ecosystem restoration. The present study investigated the effect of ecological restoration on microbial community structure and its relationship with soil physicochemical properties in the Dabaoshan mining area, China. High throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze and compare the microbial community composition of three types of soil (undamaged area, unrestoration area, and ecological restoration area). The contents of organic carbon, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus were 2.38-12.97 g/kg, 0.39-1.62 g/kg, and 0.99-1.51 g/kg, respectively. In different soil states, undamaged area and ecological restoration area were significantly higher than those in unrestoration area. The results showed that the structure of soil microbial community was significantly correlated with soil physicochemical properties, and formations in the repaired and unrepaired soils were different. Operational Taxonomic Unit (OTU) cluster analysis and diversity index analysis showed that soil microbial community changed at phylum and genus levels. The results showed that at the phylum level, all soil samples contained Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and actinobacteria. Firmicutes and Proteobacteria of the ecological restoration area (ER1, ER2) were the highest in relative abundance compared with other samples, accounting for more than 45%. Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria were the dominant phylum in the undamaged area (UD), accounting for 32.7% and 22.3%, respectively. It can be seen that soil restoration produced a new dominant population, and Proteobacteria showed an absolute competitive advantage in the mining soil.
摘要：
Comprehensive evaluation of the sustainability of paddy ecosystems is key to success in paddy ecosystem management. In this research, we propose a novel quantitative method for sustainability evaluation based on the net value of ecosystem services, which consists of a new elasticity-based sustainability evaluation framework for agricultural ecosystems. The sustainability of ecosystems, evaluated through ecosystem elasticity, is reflected in seven measurable indicators within three domains: ecological, which includes the proportion of paddy area, per capita cultivated land area, and annual waste water discharge per capita; economic, which includes the agricultural economy level and urbanization rate; and social, which includes education of farmers and rural medical level. The evaluation approach we propose constitutes an important contribution to sustainability evaluation methodology. We apply the proposed approach to evaluate the sustainability of China?s paddy ecosystems. The results suggest that the overall paddy ecosystem elasticity in China was on the rise in 2009e2017, indicating the weakening of anti interference ability and stability of the paddy ecosystem and the deterioration of paddy ecosystem sustainability. Our results also reveal obvious sustainability imbalance in paddy ecosystems across different regions of China. These findings offer empirical evidence substantiating the urgent need for Chinese governmental initiatives to improve the sustainability of paddy ecosystems, particularly those in the Northeastern region. The findings also necessitate inter-regional collaborations, especially collaborations between adjacent paddy ecosystems, to institute cross-regional standards and policies pertaining to the sustainability of paddy ecosystems. The results from the evaluations of China?s paddy ecosystems may serve as a wake-up call for other countries to assess the sustainability of their own ecosystems using the approach we propose. The findings are also likely to raise the awareness of ecosystem sustainability and its evaluation, and promote global ecosystem sustainability research. ? 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
关键词：
Different agricultural models;Incentive mechanism;Agricultural technology;Information management system
摘要：
The agricultural information technology management system has a certain role in promoting the development of agriculture. However, there is a lack of persuasive reference on how the incentive mechanism of different agricultural models will affect the development of agricultural technology, or which aspect will be affected. This article aims to study the incentive mechanism of different agricultural models to the agricultural technology information management system. This article uses a single variable method to study the application status of agricultural information technology in different regions and different agricultural models, and the agricultural technology information under different incentive mechanisms. Compare the results achieved by the management system. By comparing and summarizing the related ecological models, applying the method of optimal ratio to classify the optimal agricultural model incentive mechanism. The research data of the agricultural technology information management system shows that farmers are restricted by different incentive mechanism constraints. In the selection of ecological agriculture and conventional agriculture, ecological agriculture is more preferred. Experimental data shows that the information management system can reflect the determinants of farmers' choice of different agricultural models and policy incentives, which have an important influence on the development of agriculture.
关键词：
coastal city;planning and design;urban design
摘要：
Liao, S.; Xie, Y., and Xiao, F., 2020. Study on urban design of a coastal tourism areas. In: Gong, D.; Zhang, M., and Liu, R. (eds.), Advances in Coastal Research: Engineering, Industry, Economy, and Sustainable Development. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 106, pp. 372–376. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.At present, coastal cities are changing toward information, intelligent, ecological, and other directions, which requires urban design with various complex factors. Through effective urban design, resources can be effectively allocated, balancing economic and environmental development, which is an important means of tourism development in coastal cities. The regional natural and cultural characteristics should be analyzed, because they are important factors in planning and design cases. At present, the functions of coastal cities will become more and more complex, requiring the construction of city characteristics, space humanization, and so on. Urban design is the overall design of the complex system of the city, which pays more attention to the framework creation and the guidance of urban development. Urban design is a multisolution process and a continuous basis system that will feed back dynamic urban governance, which is a professional category that comprehensively deals with system element relations, public value orientation, and high-quality urban environment concepts. The basic concept of urban design consists of mixed functions, land use, public transport, public vitality creation, and medium- and high-density urban texture, which has gradually become a consensus. This paper analyzes the key methods of urban design, which will be an important reference for the planning of coastal city tourist areas.
摘要：
Crop residues are an important raw material for bioenergy. There is, however, obvious seasonality in crop harvests, and thus, a continuous supply of crop residues and its respective influencing factors should be investigated. In this paper, the impacts of geographical climatic conditions, characteristics of crops and the macroeconomic status exerted on the continuity of crop residue supply were analysed. Likewise, the effects of various factors on the supply of crop residues were examined. The results indicate that planting scale, crop diversity, climatic conditions, and topography have a significantly positive impact on a continuous crop residue supply, whereas the planting structure, temperature square term, energy pressure, and the economic development level have a significantly negative one. Finally, a regression-based decomposition method was used to measure the contribution rate of each variable onto the inequalities in the continuous supply of crop residues, which confirms that the impact of characteristics of crops on its continuous supply was the highest. The economic development level is the most important factor that affects the inequalities in the continuity of crop residue supply. The above results were achieved by using different measurement methods, and based upon the findings obtained, this paper proposes policies and suggestions for ensuring sustainable and bioenergy-oriented crop cultivation.
关键词：
environmental management;debt financing;sustainable financial growth;tourism industry
摘要：
Environmental management and sustainable financial growth are currently hot topics in academic research. This article examines the relationships among environmental management, debt financing, and sustainable financial growth in the Chinese tourism industry. The results show that environmental management and debt financing have promoted sustainable financial growth, and the overall effect of debt financing on sustainable financial growth has been affected by environmental management. After employing different methods of controlling the endogeneity, these conclusions are still robust. We also examine the mediating effect and threshold effect on environmental management, debt financing, and sustainable financial growth, and the results reveal that debt financing can mediate the effect of environmental management on sustainable financial growth and that there is nonlinear impact of debt financing on sustainable financial growth in different thresholds of environmental management. The analysis results show that the presented policy proposals promote the development of tourism companies from the aspects of debt financing and environmental management.
摘要：
This paper selects China's renewable energy enterprises as a research sample and analyzes the impacts of equity balance and executive stock ownership on these companies' innovation efficiency from 2009 to 2018. The results show that equity balance has significant and positive impacts on innovation efficiency, while there is a significant nonlinear, inverted U-shaped relationship between the executive stock ownership and innovation efficiency. In addition, with changes in the shareholding ratio of the largest shareholder, equity balance and executive stock ownership are substitutive in terms of their impacts on innovation efficiency. Therefore, this paper proposes the following recommendations. The shareholding ratio of the largest shareholder should be controlled within a reasonable range to help force executives and outside blockholders to make decisions in the company's interests. When implementing an equity balance, companies should avoid shareholders' oversupervision of executives, which may restrict executives' enthusiasm for innovation investment. A moderate degree of freedom for management executives should be appropriate.
摘要：
To facilitate more convenient travel as the economy of Macau expands, the government of Macau has allowed casinos to add free shuttle buses (FSB) and drivers. In this paper, we optimise the operation cost of FSB based on the number of FSB and FSB's driver population in Macau. Firstly, we investigate the operational conditions of the FSB in each depot, including the transit time of FSB and the number of passengers. Then, we propose a series of integer programming models to optimise the population of FSB and FSB drivers. Finally, through a practical demonstration using Excel to solve the linear programming (LP) model, this paper concludes that the numbers of FSB and drivers have a reduction of 43.68% and 33.6%, respectively. It implies that the operation cost of FSB could be reduced by 270,900,000 HKD in purchasing of FSB and 38,678,400 HKD/year in employing drivers of FSB.
摘要：
Background: Anhedonia, the loss of interest or pleasure in reward processing, is a hallmark feature of major depressive disorder (MDD), but its underlying neurobiological mechanism is largely unknown. The present study aimed to examine the underlying neural mechanism of reward-related decision-making in patients with MDD. Method: We examined behavioral and neural responses to rewards in patients with first-episode MDD (N=25) and healthy controls (N=25) using the Effort-Expenditure for Rewards Task (EEfRT). The task involved choices about possible rewards of varying magnitude and probability. We tested the hypothesis that individuals with MDD would exhibit a reduced neural response in reward-related brain structures involved in cost-benefit decision-making. Results: Compared with healthy controls, patients with MDD showed significantly weaker responses in the left caudate nucleus when contrasting the 'high reward'-'low reward' condition, and blunted responses in the left superior temporal gyrus and the right caudate nucleus when contrasting high and low probabilities. In addition, hard tasks chosen during high probability trials were negatively correlated with superior temporal gyrus activity in MDD patients, while the same choices were negatively correlated with caudate nucleus activity in healthy controls. Conclusions: These results indicate that reduced caudate nucleus and superior temporal gyrus activation may underpin abnormal cost-benefit decision-making in MDD. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
作者机构：
[Yi Ting] Hunan Agr Univ, Biol Sci & Technol Coll, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Xiang Ping-an; Yi Ting] Key Lab Rural Ecosyst Hlth Dongting Lake Area Hun, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Xiang Ping-an] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Business, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Xiang Ping-an] K;[Xiang Ping-an] H;Key Lab Rural Ecosyst Hlth Dongting Lake Area Hun, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Business, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
paddy farming;emergy analysis;ecosystem services;Hunan Province
摘要：
The multi-functionality of paddy farming has become a hot issue recently. Paddy farming provides numerous ecosystem services that are crucial to human well-being. However, evaluation of the contribution of paddy farming to human well-being usually focus on its economic value, while its non-market services are usually ignored. Only evaluating the market profits or market relative benefits cannot reflect comprehensively the contribution of paddy farming to people's well-being. This will affect people's choices for or against paddy farming activities and people's opt for invest or not invest in it. A comprehensive evaluation of paddy farming can provide an important reference for the government and society to conserve the multi-functionality of paddy farming and achieve sustainable development. To this end, this paper reports a case evaluation of paddy farming in Hunan, the largest rice producing as well as rice yield province in China, and uses emergy theory to make a comprehensive evaluation for paddy farming. The emergy evaluation results of the paddy ecosystem in Hunan are as follows: in 2010, the input emergy of the paddy ecosystem in Hunan is 2.51E+22 sej and the output emergy is 6.31E+22 sej. For the input emergy, the part from natural resources is 1.96E+21 sej and the part from human society is 2.32E+22 sej; for the output emergy, the part from products is 2.22E+22 sej, the part from impositive externality is 4.16E+22 sej and the part from negative externality is –7.41E+20 sej. Taking the non-market outputs into consideration, the gains from the human economic society's 1 $ input in paddy farming, emergy sustainability index(ESI)and emergy profit rate are respectively 2.73 $, 3.53 and 151.31%. If the evaluation leave out the non-market output, the three indexes are only 0.96 $, 1.24 and 30.67%. The research results show that non-market services of paddy farming contribute significantly to human well-being. Therefore, in order to protect the multi-functionality of paddy farming and achieve the sustainable management, the government should take reasonable measures and make incentive plans.
关键词：
Biofuel energy production;Sustainable development;Ecological environment;Social development;Economic growth
摘要：
Biomass is one of the renewable energy sources on which policy makers are greatly dependent on since it is a flexible feedstock capable of conversion into electricity, transport liquid fuels and heat by chemical and biological processes on demand. Though numerous publications have examined the relationship of economic growth with renewable energy and other parameters, biomass energy has never been included in these studies. Then, this study examines the causal relationship within a multivariate panel cointegration/error correction framework which combines the cross-section and time series data while allowing for heterogeneity across different provinces. After employing panel data regression model ranging from 2003 through 2012 to examine the relationships of biofuels production with sustainable development in China, the paper concludes that the development of biofuel energy production integrated with the consideration of the improvement of income per capita, and the attraction of more capital investment, does make a significant contribution to economic growth. However, some negative side effects including the increase of greenhouse emissions and the decrease of marginal land still coexist with the economic development. Of course, the importance of these findings lies on their implications and their adoption on strategic policies.
