关键词：
Rice planting area;Rice production;Rice total output;Shandong Province
摘要：
In this paper we will analyze the changes and influence factors in rice production in Shandong Province in the past 15 years by the research methods of mathematical statistics and regression analysis with the data of rice planting area, yield and total yield during 2000 to 2014 and explore the influence of accelerating industrialization and urbanization on it. The results show that:The overall planting area in Shandong Province decreased from 171573 hm2 in 2000 to 152634 hm2102385 hm2 and 105771 hm2 of 2002, 2003 and 2014 an overall decline of 38.4%.The average yield in 2000 is 7542kg/hm2; There was a little fall in 2002 and 2003; It has maintained steady rise from 2004 to 2011 and had an overall increase of 9 percentage points. The rice total output in the three area decreased from 1278094t to 855101t, about 33%; The sharp decline in planting area resulted in a significant decline in rice production from 2000 to 2003 and the total output in 2003 was only 714303t.The main reason for the decline of rice production in Shandong is the decrease of rice planting area. Therefore, the keys to ensure stable rice production in Shandong are to stabilize rice acreage and to improve yield by strengthening the construction of agricultural infrastructure, earnestly implementing the protection of arable land system, improving agricultural subsidies and expanding agricultural insurance coverage.
摘要：
Increasing amounts of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are expected to enter the ecosystems where their toxicity in the environment is proposed. In this study, we exploited the effect of environmental anions on AgNP toxicity. AgNP were mixed with various environmental anions, and then exposed to Escherichia coil to determine the effect on bacteria growth inhibition. The results demonstrated that AgNP are not always toxic in the presence of sulfide, but can stimulate microbial growth at certain concentrations. Environmental chloride and phosphate anions cannot induce the stimulation because of their weak capacity to control the release of Ag+ from AgNP. Ag+ that released from AgNP is proven to be responsible for AgNP toxicity. Moreover, we found that AgNP toxicity is dependent on sulfuration rate. At the same sulfuration rate, AgNP shows an identical pattern of toxicity. This study indicates that only sulfide of the tested environmental anions can induce AgNP stimulation to microbial growth in a sulfuration rate dependent pattern and the toxicity originate from Ag+ that released from AgNP. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
作者机构：
[Liu, Bin; Fan, Jialong; Zhao, Chuan; Liu, Xuanming; Tong, Chunyi] Hunan Univ, Hunan Prov Key Lab Plant Funct Genom & Dev Regula, Coll Biol, Changsha 410082, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Wei; Chen, Yanjiao] Hunan Univ Chinese Med, Sch Pharm, Sinoluxemburg TCM Res Ctr, TCM & Ethnomed Innovat & Dev Lab, Changsha 410208, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Fang, Jun] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Biosci & Biotechnol, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Liu, Bin; Wang, Wei] H;Hunan Univ, Hunan Prov Key Lab Plant Funct Genom & Dev Regula, Coll Biol, Changsha 410082, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Hunan Univ Chinese Med, Sch Pharm, Sinoluxemburg TCM Res Ctr, TCM & Ethnomed Innovat & Dev Lab, Changsha 410208, Hunan, Peoples R China.
摘要：
As a widely used deoxyribonuclease, DNase I is involved in many physiological processes including tumor cell proliferation, metastasis and apoptosis. Furthermore, the level of this enzyme in serum can act as a functional biomarker for the therapeutic monitoring of systemic lupus erythematosus and other diseases. We report here a low cost and sensitive DNase I detecting system based on the single-stranded fluorogenic substrate and nanographene oxide (NGO) and use it for DNase-targeted natural product screening. The system with a detection limit of 0.005 U was then used to evaluate the effect of external factors on DNase I. The results show that Hg2+, As2+, Pb2+, Cd2+ and Cu2+ can inhibit DNase I activity in a concentration-dependent manner with IC50 values of 0.37 mM (Hg2+), 2.7 mM (As2+), 5 mM (Pb2+), 5.3 mM (Cd2+) and 7.8 mM (Cu2+), respectively. Meanwhile, 10 natural compounds isolated from Cyclocarya paliurus leaves were screened as DNase I inhibitors, while 5 compounds were identified as activators. Finally, the system was used to discriminate DNase activity of serum samples with and without HBV. The results showed that HBV infection significantly decreased the level of DNase I in serum samples. In summary, these data indicate that this method with the advantages of rapidity, low cost and high sensitivity is hopeful for DNase assay in biological samples as well as compound screening in vitro.
通讯机构：
[Xue, Sheng-guo] C;Cent South Univ, Sch Met & Environm, Changsha 410083, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
arsenic;iron plaque;rice;spatial pattern of ROL
摘要：
The effects of different arsenic (As) treatments on spatial pattern of radial oxygen loss (ROL), iron (Fe) plaque formation and As accumulation in rice were investigated using three rice genotypes, planted under greenhouse conditions. Arsenic was applied to soil at 50 and 100 mg/kg, with untreated soil used as a control having an average As concentration of 8.5 mg/kg. It was demonstrated that the ratio of ROL in root tips to that at the root base slightly decreased with increasing As concentration, suggesting that the spatial ROL patterns in these groups may be shifted from the “tight” barrier towards the “partial” barrier form. Furthermore, increasing As concentration led to a increase in Fe plaque formation on root surfaces. In addition, root As concentrations of genotypes in 50 and 100 mg/kg As treatments were significantly higher than that of control treatment (P<0.05). Grain As concentration of genotype Nanyangzhan (with lower ROL) was significantly higher (P<0.05) than that of genotype CNT87059-3 with higher ROL.
摘要：
The objectives of the present study were to investigate the mitigation of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and arsenic (As) in a multi-metal contaminated soil and their accumulation in rice plants (Oryza sativa L., cv II You 93) using a combined amendment (CMF, calcium carbonate + metakaolin + fused calcium-magnesium phosphate fertilizer). The results showed that application of CMF was effective in reducing the acid-extractable concentrations of soil Pb and Cd. The exchangeable concentrations of soil As showed an initial decrease followed by a gradual increase. The application of 0.2% CMF notably reduced the concentrations of Pb, Cd, and As in brown rice by 46.5%, 43.6%, and 32.0%, respectively. The concentration of As in brown rice was 0.179mgkg(-1) at 0.2% CMF, which met the maximum levels of contaminants in foods of China (MLs) (the ML of Pb, Cd, and As is 0.2mg kg(-1) according to the China national standard GB 2762-2012). At 1.6% CMF, the concentrations of Pb and Cd in brown rice were 0.002 and 0.185mg kg(-1), respectively, i.e., reductions of 99.6% and 74.1%, and these values also fell within the MLs.
摘要：
In mammalian cells, DNA polymerase ζ (Pol ζ) catalyzes the TLS step of ICLR. By acting simultaneously with Y-family DNA polymerase, Pol ζ completes replication of damaged DNA without removing the damage by inserting a nucleotide opposite the lesion. It has been demonstrated that Pol ζ represents a promising target for the treatment of chemotherapy-resistant tumors. The first series of small-molecule inhibitors targeting REV7/REV3L interaction have been identified recently, however, their corresponding binding mechanism is not known. Herein, we performed docking, molecular dynamics and MM/PBSA free energy calculations to study the binding mechanism of REV7 and its inhibitors. It was demonstrated that inhibitors bind to the two pockets divided by the ‘safety-belt’ structure of REV7, which was supported by the MD simulation. In addition, 2-methylfuran is an important group with an appropriate size to form the stable complex, and hydrophobic contacts were mainly responsible for stable complex formation as revealed by free energy calculation.
作者机构：
[Huang, Chao] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Biosci & Biotechnol, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Huang, Chao; Xu, Ling] East China Normal Univ, Dept Biol, Shanghai 200241, Peoples R China.;[Yang, Zhong-Nan; Ye, Lin-Shan; Yu, Qing-Bo; Li, Zi-Ran] Shanghai Normal Univ, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Shanghai 200234, Peoples R China.;[Yang, Zhong-Nan] Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Excellence Mol Plant Sci, Inst Plant Physiol & Ecol, Shanghai 200233, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Xu, Ling] E;[Yang, Zhong-Nan] S;[Yang, Zhong-Nan] C;East China Normal Univ, Dept Biol, Shanghai 200241, Peoples R China.;Shanghai Normal Univ, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Shanghai 200234, Peoples R China.
摘要：
The pentatricopeptide repeat-DYW protein AtECB2 affects plastid RNA editing at seven sites, including accD-794, accD-1568, ndhF-290, ndhG-50, petL-5, rpoA-200 and rpoC1-488. To understand the mechanism of its involvement in RNA editing, a transgenic line was constructed with AtECB2 fused to a 4xMYC tag that could complement the atecb2 phenotype. RNA immunoprecipitation analysis indicated that AtECB2 is associated with the transcripts of accD, ndhF, ndhG and petL. Co-immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry experiments showed that multiple organelle RNA editing factor 2 (MORF2) and porphobilinogen deaminase HEMC are associated with AtECB2. Biochemical analysis showed that AtECB2 directly interacts with HEMC through its E domain, while HEMC interacts with MORF8/RIP1. Deletion analysis showed that the E domain is essential for RNA editing. The hemc-1 mutant showed an albino and seedling-lethal phenotype. Of the seven editing sites affected in atecb2, the editing of accD-794 and ndhF-290 was also reduced in hemc-1. RNA immunoprecipitation analysis suggested that HEMC is associated with the editing sites of ndhF transcripts. These results showed that both HEMC and multiple organellar RNA editing factor (MORF) proteins are associated with AtECB2 for RNA editing in plastids. Significance Statement PPO1, an enzyme in the chlorophyll biosynthetic pathway, was reported to be essential for plastid RNA editing. Another enzyme in this pathway, HEMC, has now also been found to be involved in plastid RNA editing. This research provides further insight into the coordination between chlorophyll biosynthesis and plastid RNA editing.
摘要：
In this study, we present a novel design of interference-free, negligible installation-induced stress, suitable for the fabrication of high-throughput quartz crystal microbalance (HQCM) chips. This novel HQCM chip configuration was fabricated using eight independent yet same-batch quartz crystal resonators within a common glass substrate with eight through-holes of diameter slightly larger than that of the quartz resonator. Each quartz resonator's rim was adhered to the inner part of the through-hole via silicone glue to form the rigid (quartz)-soft (silicone)-rigid (glass) structure (RSRS) which effectively eliminates the acoustic couplings among different resonators and largely alleviates the installation-induced stresses. The consistence of the eight resonators was verified by very similar equivalent circuit parameters and very close response slopes to liquid density and viscosity. The HQCM chip was then employed for real-time and continuous monitoring of H9C2 cardiomyoblast adhesions and viscoelastic changes induced by the treatments of two types of drugs: drugs that affect the cytoskeletons, including nocodazole, paclitaxel, and Y-27632, and drugs that affect the contractile properties of the cells: verapamil and different dosages of isoprenaline. Meanwhile, we compared the cytoskeleton affecting drug-induced viscoelastic changes of H9C2 with those of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The results described here provide the first solution to fabricate HQCM chips that are free from the limitation of resonator number, installation-induced stress, and acoustic interferences among resonators, which should find wide applications in areas of cell phenotype assay, cytotoxicity test, drug evaluation and screening, etc. Graphical abstract Schematic illustration of the principle and configuration of interference-free high-throughput QCM chip to evaluate and screen drugs based on cell viscoelasticity.
