摘要：
A gel electrolyte with molecular anchors is synthesized. It reduces the activity of H2O by anchoring them through ternary hydrogen bonds, which effectively inhibits hydrogen evolution reaction. Furthermore, multiple charged groups of the gel electrolyte induce the deposition of Zn2+ in an orderly manner and promote the directional deposition of Zn2+ on the Zn (002) plane, obtaining a highly reversible dendrite‐free anode. Abstract The high activity of water molecules results in a series of awful parasitic reaction, which seriously impede the development of aqueous zinc batteries. Herein, a new gel electrolyte with multiple molecular anchors is designed by employing natural biomaterials from chitosan and chlorophyll derivative. The gel electrolyte firmly anchors water molecules by ternary hydrogen bonding to reduce the activity of water molecules and inhibit hydrogen evolution reaction. Meanwhile, the multipolar charged functional groups realize the gradient induction and redistribution of Zn2+, which drives oriented Zn (002) plane deposition of Zn2+ and then achieves uniform Zn deposition and dendrite‐free anode. As a result, it endows the Zn||Zn cell with over 1700 h stripping/plating processes and a high efficiency of 99.4% for the Zn||Cu cell. In addition, the Zn||V2O5 full cells also exhibit capacity retention of 81.7% after 600 cycles at 0.5 A g−1 and excellent long‐term stability over 1600 cycles at 2 A g−1, and the flexible pouch cells can provide stable power for light‐emitting diodes even after repeated bending. The gel electrolyte strategy provides a reference for reversible zinc anode and flexible wearable devices.
摘要：
Urban growth boundaries (UGBs) are efficient tools for controlling disorderly urban expansion/sprawl and ensuring sustainable urban development. Previous studies have delineated UGBs from the perspective of ecological conservation or efficiency improvement and have widely applied them to spatial planning. However, few studies have investigated the role of urban interactions and connections in delineating UGBs, especially in rapidly developing urban agglomerations. Our study proposed a novel framework for UGBs delineation in urban agglomerations by coupling urban interactions and ecological conservation, with two innovative points. First, interurban interactions and connections were quantified to elucidate the transition rules of cellular automata (CA), and ecological conservation was configured as a constraint of the CA model. Second, the hierarchical generalized linear model (HGLM)-CA model was used to simulate the urban land pattern in 2035, and the dilation-erosion algorithm realized the final UGBs. The proposed framework was applied to UGBs delineation in the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan (CZX) urban agglomeration, a rapidly developing urban agglomeration in China. Furthermore, a comparison among multi-scenario UGBs shows that urban interactions and connections can accelerate the clustering of urban development, and the delineated UGBs are more practical. Our study highlighted the importance of urban interactions for UGBs delineation in urban agglomerations and evaluated a case of UGBs delineation to validate our appeal.
摘要：
Soil microbial activity is generally limited by the availability of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), or phosphorus (P) in agricultural ecosystems. Soil ecoenzymatic activity (EEA), ecoenzymatic stoichiometry (EES), and vector characteristics were examined to assess microbial nutrient limitation. Investigating soil microbial nutrient limitation can provide insight into nutrient cycling in tea plantations with different tea cultivars. However, the dynamics of different tea cultivars on soil microbial nutrient limitations and their effect on tea quality remains poor. To address this issue, soil and plant samples were collected from a tea plantation cultivating five representative tea cultivars in Hunan Province, China. Baojing Huangjincha No. 1 (HJC1) and Huangjincha No. 2 (HJC2) were the extra early-sprouting cultivars, Zhuyeqi (ZYQ) and Zijuan (ZJ) were the middle-sprouting cultivars, and Zhenghedabai (ZHDB) was the late-sprouting cultivar, respectively. The results indicated that differences in EEA and EES were significant among five treatments. Notably, ZYQ and ZJ exhibited markedly lower activities of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) acquiring enzymes compared to HJC1 and HJC2, whereas ZHDB showed significantly higher ecoenzymatic activities. Despite a general limitation in C and P for soil microorganisms across all cultivars (VL ranging from 1.42 to 1.59 and VA ranging from 58.70 degrees to 62.66 degrees), the degree of microbial nutrient limitation varied. Specifically, ZYQ experienced a pronounced P limitation (VA = 62.66 degrees, N:P enzyme = 0.52), as evidenced by increased vector angles and decreased N:P enzyme values. Although C limitation was most pronounced in ZYQ (VL = 1.59), it did not significantly differ among the cultivars. These findings suggest that tea cultivars can influence the P limitation of microbial communities. Further analysis revealed that microbial nutrient limitations might adversely affect tea quality via impeding enzyme secretion. This study highlights the critical role of nutrient cycling within the soil-microorganism-plant ecosystem and emphasizes the influence of soil microbial nutrient limitations on tea quality within tea plantations. It is recommended that in the management of tea plantation fertilization, managers need to consider the influence of cultivars and develop specialized cultivar fertilizers.
作者机构：
[Li Chen] Hunan Sureserve Technology Co., Ltd., Changsha 410000, China;[Rui Zhang; Wei Li; Haojie Zou; Sha Yang; Mingwei Yao; Zijie Qiu] College of Information and Intelligence, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.;[Yue Shen] College of Information and Intelligence, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
通讯机构：
[Yue Shen] C;College of Information and Intelligence, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
摘要：
In rice cultivation and breeding, obtaining accurate information on the quantity and spatial distribution of rice plants is crucial. However, traditional field sampling methods can only provide rough estimates of the plant count and fail to capture precise plant locations. To address these problems, this paper proposes P2PNet-EFF for the counting and localization of rice plants. Firstly, through the introduction of the enhanced feature fusion (EFF), the model improves its ability to integrate deep semantic information while preserving shallow spatial details. This allows the model to holistically analyze the morphology of plants rather than focusing solely on their central points, substantially reducing errors caused by leaf overlap. Secondly, by integrating efficient multi-scale attention (EMA) into the backbone, the model enhances its feature extraction capabilities and suppresses interference from similar backgrounds. Finally, to evaluate the effectiveness of the P2PNet-EFF method, we introduce the URCAL dataset for rice counting and localization, gathered using UAV. This dataset consists of 365 high-resolution images and 173,352 point annotations. Experimental results on the URCAL demonstrate that the proposed method achieves a 34.87% reduction in MAE and a 28.19% reduction in RMSE compared to the original P2PNet while increasing R2 by 3.03%. Furthermore, we conducted extensive experiments on three frequently used plant counting datasets. The results demonstrate the excellent performance of the proposed method.
摘要：
Biochar and organic fertilizer are widely supported to maintain crop production and sustainable development of agroecosystems. However, it is unclear how biochar and organic fertilizer alone or in combination regulate soil functional microbiomes and their relationships to ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF). Herein, a long-term (started in 2013) field experiment, containing five fertilization treatments, was employed to explore the effects of biochar and organic fertilizer applications on the EMF (based on 18 functional indicators of crop productivity, soil nutrient supply, element cycling, and microbial biomass) and the functional microbiomes of bulk soil and rhizosphere soil [normalizing the abundances of 64 genes related to carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and sulphur (S) cycles]. Compared with single-chemical fertilization, biochar and organic fertilizer inputs significantly enhanced most ecosystem-single functions and, in particular, the EMF significantly increased by 18.7-30.1%; biochar and organic fertilizer applications significantly increased the abundances of soil microbial functional taxa related to C-N-P-S cycles to varying degree. The combined application of biochar and organic fertilizer showed a better improvement in these indicators compared to using them individually. Most functional microbial populations in the soil, especially the taxa involved in C degradation, nitrification, nitrate-reduction, organic P mineralization, and S cycling showed significantly positive associations with the EMF at different threshold levels, which ultimately was regulated by soil pH and nutrient availability. These results highlight the strong links between soil microbiomes and agroecosystem functions, as well as providing scientific support for inclusion of biochar in agricultural production and services with organic amendments. 8-year field evidence revealed impacts of biochar and pig manure on soil functional microbiome and ecosystem functions.Biochar and pig manure inputs notably enhanced most ecosystem-single functions and the EMF increased by 18.7-30.1%.Biochar and pig manure inputs notably enriched soil functional microbes related to C-N-P-S cycles to varying degree.Increase in EMF was related to microbe-driven soil processes such as C degradation, nitrification, and Po mineralization.Inclusion of biochar in crop production with organic amendments could enhance agro-ecosystem functions and services.
摘要：
Purple tea, renowned for its anthocyanin content and distinctive purple hue, has gained prominence. The anthocyanin content in purple tea can exceed three times that of traditional green-leaf tea. Purple tea harbors various anthocyanins, implicating intricate pathways of biosynthesis and transcriptional regulation. Concurrently, owing to its distinctive chemical composition, the processing of purple tea may be constrained, potentially influencing the sensory attributes and flavor profile of the tea. The richness of anthocyanins in purple tea has yielded potential health benefits, including antioxidative and anti-cancer properties, rendering purple tea a sought-after commodity in the tea market. However, current research on purple tea remains incomplete, including indistinct networks of anthocyanin biosynthesis and regulatory mechanisms, incomplete chemical characterization, and a need for comprehensive investigations into its biological activities. The limited research foundation has greatly reduced the popularity and consumption of purple tea. This paper aims to provide an overview of recent advancements in the biosynthesis and regulation of anthocyanins, as well as the chemical compositions, processing, and health benefits of purple tea. This review will provide the groundwork for future efforts in the selection and innovation of purple tea germplasm, purple tea processing, and the expansion of the market for purple tea consumption.
摘要：
The species and contents of a-dicarbonyls in commercial black tea were examined, along with the effects of the manufacturing process and drying temperature on the formation of a-dicarbonyls. Ten a-dicarbonyls were quantified in commercial and in -process black tea samples by using UPLC-MS/MS and their derived quinoxalines. The a-dicarbonyls content in commercial black tea decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in the following order: 3deoxyglucosone > glucosone > 3-deoxypentosone = threosone > galactosone >= methylglyoxal = glyoxal >= 3deoxygalactosone = 3-deoxythreosone = diacetyl. Except for 3-deoxyglucosone and 3-deoxygalactosone, a further eight a-dicarbonyls were identified in all manufacturing steps of black tea. Except for the drying step, the rolling and fermenting played important roles in the formation of a-dicarbonyls. The total contents of a-dicarbonyls in black tea infusion ranged from 16.48 to 75.32 mu g/g based on our detected ten a-dicarbonyls.
通讯机构：
[Peng, JW ; Tian, C] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Resources, Hunan Prov Key Lab Farmland Pollut Control & Agr R, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;Hunan Agr Univ, Hunan Prov Key Lab Plant Nutr Common Univ, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;Hunan Agr Univ, Natl Engn Res Ctr Efficient Utilizat Soil & Fertil, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Emission factor;Environmental risk;Nitrogen-application rate;Nitrogen footprint;Nitrogen loss;Paddy field
摘要：
AimsReduction of the nitrogen (N) footprint of agroecosystems is currently a hot topic in various research disciplines and fields. However, the effect of machine-planted rice with side-deep fertilization (MRSF) on N loss and footprint of double-cropping rice fields in Hunan is still unclear.MethodsWe established a field experiment in which we applied various N compositions (N 135/148.5-90/99 kg ha-1) to early-season rice (ESR) and late-season rice (LSR). The loss of different N forms during the whole growth period of double cropping rice was measured. The N footprint of double cropping rice in the red soil region of Dongting Lake area was calculated using the life cycle assessment method.ResultsCompared with the conventional fertilizer, with a N level of 150/160 kg ha-1, the MRSF treatments significantly decreased both NH4+-N and NO3--N runoff by 26.2-40.9% and 9.0-36.5%, respectively, for ESR, and by 54.4-79.0% and 6.6-40.7%, respectively, for LSR. Moreover, relative to the conventional fertilization (CF) treatment, the MRSF treatments significantly reduced leaching loss by 21.8-41.2% and 20.5%-42.1%, respectively, for ESR, and 26.7-41.8% and 20.9%-51.0%, respectively, for LSR. While urease activity decreased with increasing soil depth, MRSF treatments increased relative soil urease activity in the later rice growth stages. Compared with the CF treatment, they also decreased the total N footprint by 42.3-53.5% and 45.1-57.1% for ESR and LSR, respectively. Correlation analysis further showed that mineral N loss and total N footprint increased exponentially with the N-application rate under the MRSF strategy.ConclusionsOverall, MRSF reduced environmental risks associated with N loss caused by paddy field leaching and runoff while maintaining the topsoil N content. In this manner, MRSF can attenuate the total N footprint of double-cropping rice systems in the Dongting Lake area.
摘要：
An accurate and nondestructive prediction method of lime acidity was established based on near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and ensemble learning strategy. Dual-band spectra were obtained nondestructively with a single scan using a desk-top Fourier transform spectrometer and a grating portable spectrometer. Spectral preprocessing methods were used to eliminate the interferences in the spectra. The quantification models of available acidity (pH and 10−pH) and total acidity (TA) were developed with the ensemble learning strategy compared with partial least squares (PLS) and variable selection methods. The results indicated that due to the high-energy light source, the models of the grating portable spectrometer were much better than those of the Fourier transform spectrometer. Short-wave NIR (SWNIR) was more suitable for quantitative analysis of available acidity, while long-wave NIR (LWNIR) was more effective for quantitative analysis of TA. Besides, the models of available acidity were ahead of those of TA. Compared with PLS and variables selection methods, the ensemble learning strategy can produce models with higher prediction accuracy and better robustness. In the optimized models, the correlation coefficients of pH, 10−pH and TA for the prediction set were 0.84, 0.82 and 0.66, respectively. The experiment results show that accurate and nondestructive prediction of lime acidity can be achieved with the grating portable NIR spectrometer and ensemble learning strategy.
关键词：
Quaternary molten salt;Co doping;Adjustable disordered/ordered phase ratio;Lithium ion batteries
摘要：
The electrochemical performances of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) materials are strongly correlated with the ratio of disordered to ordered phases. Nevertheless, there are few reports on the adjustment of ordered and disordered phase ratio. In this paper, the ratio of ordered to disordered phases in LNMO is successfully adjusted by using a quaternary molten salt, which is proven by XRD refinement, FT-IR, and XPS. Reductive quaternary molten salt and Co doping are favorable for Ni/Mn cation disorder, leading to the increased disordered phase. LNMO with an appropriate ratio of ordered to disordered phases can exhibit enhanced electronic/ionic transfer rate and structural stability, revealed by electrochemical tests and ex situ characterizations. Therefore, the optimized material delivers a reversible capacity of 121 mA h g-1 at 20 mA g-1 and a long cyclic life with 61 mA h g- 1 at 1000 mA g-1 over 1200 cycles. The present work offers a new idea for achieving a regulated ratio of ordered to disordered phases in LNMO.
作者：
Li Kong;Xinyu Gao;Lijuan Zhu;Xing Lin;You Huang;...
期刊：
食品科学与人类健康,2024年13(3):1292-1302 ISSN：2213-4530
通讯作者：
Zhihang Yuan<&wdkj&>Jin’e Yi
作者机构：
[Li Kong; Xinyu Gao; Lijuan Zhu; Xing Lin; You Huang; Chunlin Huang; Wenjiang Yang; Yazhi Chen; Haoqiang Zhao; Jing Wu; Zhihang Yuan; Jin’e Yi] Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
通讯机构：
[Zhihang Yuan; Jin’e Yi] H;Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
摘要：
F-2 toxin is an estrogenic mycotoxin that causes reproductive disorders in animals. Betulinic acid (BA) is a natural pentacyclic lupane-structure triterpenoid that has diverse pharmacological activities. In this study, the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of BA and its underlying mechanism are explored in F-2 toxin-triggered mouse ovarian damage. We found that BA alleviated the F-2 toxin-induced ovarian impairment by stimulating follicle growth, reducing inflammatory cell infiltration, repairing damaged mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. Simultaneously, BA not only reversed F-2 toxin-induced reduction of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels in the serum, but also restrained the protein expression of the estrogen receptors α (ERα) and ERβ. Moreover, BA restored the balance of F-2 toxin-induced ovarian redox system disorders. Subsequently, we found that 0.25 mg/kg BA played an anti-inflammatory role in the F-2 toxin-induced ovarian impairment by decreasing interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) mRNA expression, as well as inhibiting p38 protein expression. These data demonstrated that BA exerts its protective effect on F-2 toxin-induced ovarian oxidative impairment and inflammation by inhibiting p38 expression, which implies a natural product-based medicine to ameliorate F-2 toxin-caused female reproductive toxicity and provides a detoxifying method for food contaminated by mycotoxin.
关键词：
black tea;extraction;purification;synthesis;theaflavins
摘要：
Schematic representation of the synthesis, extraction, and purification method of TFs from black tea and the extraction principle of magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (MMIPs) for bioactive compounds. MMIPs will be a promising method for the preparation of TFs with high purity. Abstract Theaflavins (TFs) are a kind of bioactive compound that formed during the fermentation stage of black tea. TFs play a vital role both in the sensory quality and the biological activity of black tea. However, the complex composition of black tea and the low content of TFs in black tea (0.3%–0.7%) make the technology for the preparation of high‐purity TFs a great challenge. This review provides an updated overview for extracting, synthesizing and purifying of TFs. Molecular imprinting technology, an efficient method for extracting bioactive compounds, will be a promising method for the preparation of TFs with high purity. Overall, this review can provide a scientific basis and technical support for the preparation of TFs with high purity and will be helpful for the in‐depth development and further research of TFs.
通讯机构：
[Zehe Song] C;College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Engineering Research Center of Poultry Production Safety, Changsha, China
作者：
Li Niu;Huaiyu Long;Yunxiang Huang;Shenghui Xu;Renlian Zhang
期刊：
Horticulturae,2024年10(5):425- ISSN：2311-7524
通讯作者：
Li Niu<&wdkj&>Huaiyu Long
作者机构：
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.;Beijing Changping Agricultural Technology Extension Station, Beijing 102200, China;[Renlian Zhang] State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-Arid Arable Land in Northern China/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 South Road, Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China;[Yunxiang Huang] College of Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;[Li Niu] Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>Beijing Changping Agricultural Technology Extension Station, Beijing 102200, China<&wdkj&>State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-Arid Arable Land in Northern China/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 South Road, Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
通讯机构：
[Li Niu; Huaiyu Long] A;Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>Beijing Changping Agricultural Technology Extension Station, Beijing 102200, China<&wdkj&>State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-Arid Arable Land in Northern China/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 South Road, Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China<&wdkj&>Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-Arid Arable Land in Northern China/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 South Road, Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
摘要：
Uneven rainfall, in the context of global warming, can cause soil moisture fluctuations (SMFs) that harm crop growth, and it is not yet known whether nitrogen (N) can mitigate the harm caused by a strong SMF. This paper uses okra as a test subject and sets three SMFs of 45–55% FC (W1), 35–65% FC (W2), and 25–75% FC (W3) and three N applications of 0 kg hm−2 (N0), 110 kg hm−2 (N1), and 330 kg hm−2 (N2) to investigate the effects of SMF and N application on the physiological and biochemical aspects of okra. The results demonstrated that okra exhibited the highest values in stem diameter, number of leaves, photosynthesis characteristics, antioxidant enzyme activity, and yield under the N1 treatment. The average yield in the N1 treatment was 149.8 g, significantly surpassing the average yields of the N0 (129.8 g) and N3 (84.0 g) treatments. Stomatal density, antioxidant enzyme activity, malondialdehyde content, and proline content in okra leaves were highest in the W3 treatment, indicating that plants experienced stress in the W3 treatment. However, the agronomic traits and yields of okra in the N1 treatment were higher than those in the N0 and N1 treatments, indicating that the crop damage caused by W3 could be mitigated by an appropriate amount of N application. The N1W1 treatment emerged as the most suitable combination for okra growth in this study, exhibiting the highest stem diameter, leaf count, photosynthetic characteristics, and yield (201.3 g). Notably, this yield was 67.8% higher than the lowest treatment (N2W3), signifying a significant improvement.
摘要：
Drought stress inhibits seed germination, plant growth and development of tobacco, and seriously affects the yield and quality of tobacco leaves. However, the molecular mechanism underlying tobacco drought stress response remains largely unknown. In this study, integrated analysis of transcriptome and metabolome was performed on the germinated seeds of a cultivated variety K326 and its EMS mutagenic mutant M28 with great drought tolerance. The result showed that drought stress inhibited seed germination of the both varieties, while the germination rate of M28 was faster than that of K326 under drought stress. Besides, the levels of phytohormone ABA, GA19, and zeatin were increased by drought stress in M28. Five vital pathways were identified through integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis, including zeatin biosynthesis, aspartate and glutamate synthesis, phenylamine metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and phenylpropanoid synthesis. Furthermore, 20 key metabolites in the above pathways were selected for further analysis of gene modular-trait relationship, and then four highly correlated modules were found. Then analysis of gene expression network was carried out of Top30 hub gene of these four modules, and 9 key candidate genes were identified, including HSP70s, XTH16s, APX, PHI-1, 14-3-3, SCP, PPO. In conclusion, our study uncovered some key drought-responsive pathways and genes of tobacco during seeds germination, providing new insights into the regulatory mechanisms of tobacco drought stress response.
