通讯机构：
[Liu, ZQ ] ;South China Agr Univ, Coll Agr, Guangdong Prov Key Lab Plant Mol Breeding, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, Peoples R China.;South China Agr Univ, State Key Lab Conservat & Utilizat Subtrop Agrobio, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Understanding the evolutionary forces in speciation is a central goal in evolutionary biology. Asian cultivated rice has two subspecies, indica and japonica, but the underlying mechanism of the partial reproductive isolation between them remains obscure. Here we show a presence-absence variation (PAV) at the Se locus functions as an indica-japonica reproductive barrier by causing hybrid sterility (HS) in indica-japonica crosses. The locus comprises two adjacent genes: ORF3 encodes a sporophytic pollen killer, whereas ORF4 protects pollen in a gametophytic manner. In F-1 of indica-japonica crosses, pollen with the japonica haplotype, which lacks the sequence containing the protective ORF4, is aborted due to the pollen-killing effect of ORF3 from indica. Evolutionary analysis suggests ORF3 is a gene associated with the Asian cultivated rice species complex, and the PAV has contributed to the reproductive isolation between the two subspecies of Asian cultivated rice. Our analyses provide perspectives on rice inter-subspecies post-zygotic isolation, and will promote efforts to overcome reproductive barriers in indica-japonica hybrid rice breeding. The mechanisms of the partial reproductive isolation between the two subspecies of rice remains obscure. Here, the authors show that the two adjacent genes form a killer-protector system to induce hybrid male sterility and reproductive isolation between indica and japonica.
通讯机构：
[Fang, J ; Jiang, LH] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Biosci & Biotechnol, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;Hunan Engn Lab Pollut Control & Waste, Utilizat Swine Prod, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;Key Lab Rural Ecosyst Hlth Dongting Lake Area Huna, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Endophytes play essential roles in plant growth under metal(loid)s stress. An endophytic fungus strain MR1 was isolated from the roots of Miscanthus floridulus collected from a lead-zinc mining area (Huayuan, China), which could produce indole-3-acetic acid and have Cadmium (Cd) tolerance. Further 18S rRNA sequencing analysis showed that it was highly similar (99.83%) to Talaromyces pinophilus. In pot experiments, we explored the effects of strain MR1 on the growth and Cd uptake of a wide-type Arabidopsis thaliana under low (LC) and high (HC) Cd concentrations. The results showed that MR1 effectively increased the dry weight of aboveground and underground tissues by 25.95-107.21% in both LC and HC groups. Due to MR1 inoculation, the Cd content in the underground tissues was significantly (p < 0.05) decreased by 39.28% under low Cd concentration, while it was significantly (p < 0.05) increased by 28.28% under high Cd concentration. Besides, MR1 inoculations significantly (p < 0.05) increased the total content of removed Cd (17.080μg) and BCF (0.064) by 129.77% and 153.95% under high Cd concentration. Therefore, we speculated that MR1 might be selected as the effective microbial agent to increase crop yield and control Cd content in the crop in light Cd-contaminated soil. Besides, MR1 could potentially enhance the phytoremediation efficiency of extremely Cd-contaminated soil.
通讯机构：
[Qin, S.; Shi, M.] L;[Chen, L.] K;Lab of Food Function and Nutrigenomics, China;Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), China
摘要：
Insulin resistance (IR) is fundamental to the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D), and altered mitochondrial function and abnormal lipid distribution are closely associated with IR or T2D. Excess oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial damage leads to an imbalance in redox homeostasis, which is considered the major contributor to the progression of diabetes. A key cellular defense mechanism, namely, the nuclear factor-E2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway, plays an essential protective role in combating excess oxidative stress. A series of phytochemicals are reported to improve IR and restore mitochondrial function against excess oxidative stress by activating the Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway to maintain cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis. The present review focuses on key knowledge gaps in the Nrf2-ARE system targeted by phytochemicals and its correlation to diabetes both in the in vitro and in vivo models and recent achievements in human clinical trials to evaluate its efficiency and safety. In addition, we provide an overview of recent research progress in nutrigenomics, precision nutrition and the interactions occurring in gut microbiota associated with the Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway and diabetes chemoprevention by phytochemicals and finally propose a future research strategy for regulating redox and microbiota balance via the Nrf2-ARE pathway. The present review aims to help us comprehensively understand the critical chemopreventive role of the Nrf2-ARE pathway targeted by phytochemicals in diabetes.
通讯机构：
[Sheng Zhang] N;National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilisation of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China<&wdkj&>Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China<&wdkj&>Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
关键词：
Obesity;Functional components of tea;Fat metabolism;Glucose metabolism;Liver function;Gut microbiome;Clinical research
摘要：
Obesity caused by poor eating habits has become a great challenge faced by public health organizations worldwide. Optimizing dietary intake and ingesting special foods containing biologically active substances (such as polyphenols, alkaloids, and terpenes) is a safe and effective dietary intervention to prevent the occurrence and development of obesity. Tea contains several active dietary factors, and daily tea consumption has been shown to have various health benefits, especially in regulating human metabolic diseases. Here, we reviewed recent advances in research on tea and its functional components in improving obesity-related metabolic dysfunction, and gut microbiota homeostasis and related clinical research. Furthermore, the potential mechanisms by which the functional components of tea could promote lipid-lowering and weight-loss effects by regulating fat synthesis/metabolism, glucose metabolism, gut microbial homeostasis, and liver function were summarized. The research results showing a "positive effect" or "no effect" objectively evaluates the lipid-lowering and weight-loss effects of the functional components of tea. This review provides a new scientific basis for further research on the functional ingredients of tea for lipid lowering and weight loss and the development of lipid-lowering and weight-loss functional foods and beverages derived from tea.(c) 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
作者：
Chun Guo;Ying He;Xiyao Zeng;Xingyao Xiong;Ping Qiu;...
期刊：
中草药：英文版,2023年15(2):278-283 ISSN：1674-6384
通讯作者：
Huang, X.
作者机构：
[Chun Guo] Center for Medical Research and Innovation, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410007, China;College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410125, China;[Ping Qiu] Hunan Zhengqing Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Huaihua 418000, China;[Xingyao Xiong] College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410125, China;[Xueshuang Huang] Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, China
通讯机构：
[Huang, X.] H;Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
关键词：
chloroplast DNA;genetic diversity;phylogeny;population variation;Sinomenium acutum (Thunb.) Rehd. et Wils
关键词：
Coumarins;Biosynthesis;O-Methyltransferase;Catalytic promiscuity and fidelity;Angelica decursiva
摘要：
Angelica decursiva, an important traditional medicinal plant, possesses a unique pharmacological activity. Its principal active ingredients are coumarins, including scopoletin, bergapten, and imperatorin. However, the enzymes catalyzing the critical step of coumarins biosynthesis pathway remain unidentified. This study initially screened 14 candidate O-methyltransferases (OMTs) through transcriptomics and metabolic determination. Combined with gene expression profile and biochemical assays, two OMTs (AdOMT1 and AdOMT2) were identified to be responsible for the O-methylation of coumarins in A. decursiva. AdOMT1 showed higher catalytic efficiency for bergaptol (Kcat/Km = 3123.70), while AdOMT2 exhibited higher substrate and catalytic pro-miscuity, allowing it to catalyze the methylation of various coumarins, phenylpropanes, and flavonoids. Based on molecular docking and site-specific mutagenesis determined that His126/Asn132, Phe171/Phe177, Trp261/ Trp267, and Asn312/Ile317 were the key catalytic residues of AdOMT1 and AdOMT2 for the O-methylation of bergaptol and xanthotoxol. Further phylogenetic analysis confirmed the reasons for the catalytic functional differentiation of AdOMT1 and AdOMT2. This study provides a basis for exploring the coumarins O-methylation mechanism and plays a critical role in diversifying the structures used in coumarins drug discovery.
期刊：
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,2023年24(16):12610- ISSN：1661-6596
通讯作者：
Xia, ST;Li, X
作者机构：
[Tang, Xianyu; Gong, Xin; Xia, Yunong; Qin, Lei; Xia, Shitou; Xia, ST; Nong, Jieying] Hunan Agr Univ, Hunan Prov Key Lab Phytohormones & Growth Dev, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Cui, Kan] Hunan Acad Agr Sci, Inst Plant Protect, Changsha 410125, Peoples R China.;[Xu, Yan; Li, Xin] Univ British Columbia, Michael Smith Labs, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.;[Xu, Yan; Li, Xin] Univ British Columbia, Dept Bot, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.;[Qiu, Yilan] Hunan Normal Univ, Dept Life Sci, Dept Zool, Changsha 410081, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Li, X ] U;[Xia, ST ] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Hunan Prov Key Lab Phytohormones & Growth Dev, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;Univ British Columbia, Michael Smith Labs, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.;Univ British Columbia, Dept Bot, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
摘要：
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a devastating fungal pathogen that causes severe crop losses worldwide. It is of vital importance to understand its pathogenic mechanism for disease control. Through a forward genetic screen combined with next-generation sequencing, a putative protein kinase, SsCak1, was found to be involved in the growth and pathogenicity of S. sclerotiorum. Knockout and complementation experiments confirmed that deletions in SsCak1 caused defects in mycelium and sclerotia development, as well as appressoria formation and host penetration, leading to complete loss of virulence. These findings suggest that SsCak1 is essential for the growth, development, and pathogenicity of S. sclerotiorum. Therefore, SsCak1 could serve as a potential target for the control of S. sclerotiorum infection through host-induced gene silencing (HIGS), which could increase crop resistance to the pathogen.
摘要：
The complete mitochondrial genome of Brachyrhynchus triangulus Bergroth, 1889 was sequenced and annotated in the present study. It was a typical circular DNA molecule of 15,170 bp, with 37 genes and a control region. The percentages of A, C, G, and T nucleotides in the genome of B. triangulus were 41.1%, 17.4%, 11.9%, and 29.4%, respectively. Thirteen protein-coding genes (PCGs) start with a ATN codon or a TTG codon and terminate with a TAA codon or a TAG codon or a single T residue. With the exception of tRNA(Ser(AGN)) , each of the 22 tRNA genes had a clover-leaf structure and ranged in length from 62 to 69 bp. The length of lrRNA and srRNA was 1241 bp and 828 bp, respectively. The control region had a length of 708 bp and an A + T content of 74.6%. The sister relationship between B. triangulus and Brachyrhynchus hsiaoi is supported by the phylogenetic tree. Additionally, it proved the sister relationship between Mezirinae and Aneurinae, supporting the classical taxonomy of the Aradidae.
摘要：
The Arabidopsis pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins, required for accD RNA editing 1 (RARE1) and early chloroplast biogenesis 2 (AtECB2), each contain a DYW domain deemed essential for cytosine deamination at the accD-C794 RNA editing site in chloroplasts. Complementation assays using the rare1 mutant investigate the correlation between these PPRs and their respective DYW domain functions in RNA editing of accD-C794. The results demonstrate that the coding sequence of AtECB2 cannot replace that of RARE1. Moreover, rare1 mutants complemented with DYW-deleted RARE1 failed to recover the RNA editing of accD-C794 even in the presence of the highly similar DYW domain of the AtECB2 protein. These findings indicate that RARE1 and AtECB2 possess divergent roles in RNA editing, with specificity for accD-C794 directly attributable to DYW domain within RARE1. Structural modeling data suggest this functioning pertains to a local α-helical motif that residues slightly N-terminal to the consensus glutamate and CXXCH motif in the DYW domain for cytidine deamination during C-to-U editing by RARE1 that is absent within AtECB2.
摘要：
Lily Fusarium wilt disease caused by Fusarium spp. spreads rapidly and is highly destructive, leading to a severe reduction in yield. In this study, lily (Lilium brownii var. viridulum) bulbs were irrigated after planting with suspensions of two Bacillus strains that effectively control lily Fusarium wilt disease to assess their effects on the rhizosphere soil properties and microbial community. A high-throughput sequencing of microorganisms in the rhizosphere soil was performed and the soil physicochemical properties were measured. The FunGuild and Tax4Fun tools were used for a functional profile prediction. The results showed that Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BF1 and B. subtilis Y37 controlled lily Fusarium wilt disease with control efficacies of 58.74% and 68.93%, respectively, and effectively colonized the rhizosphere soil. BF1 and Y37 increased the bacterial diversity and richness of the rhizosphere soil and improved the physicochemical properties of the soil, thereby favoring the proliferation of beneficial microbes. The relative abundance of beneficial bacteria was increased and that of pathogenic bacteria was decreased. Bacillus abundance in the rhizosphere was positively correlated with most soil physicochemical properties, whereas Fusarium abundance was negatively correlated with most physicochemical properties. Functional prediction revealed that irrigation with BF1 and Y37 significantly upregulated glycolysis/gluconeogenesis among metabolism and absorption pathways. This study provides insights into the mechanism by which two Bacillus strains with antifungal activity, BF1 and Y37, antagonize plant pathogenic fungi and lays the foundation for their effective application as biocontrol agents.
作者机构：
[Zhou, Chuanen; Wang, Hongfeng; Lu, Zhichao; Zhang, Jing; Xu, Yiteng; Han, Lu] Shandong Univ, Sch Life Sci, Key Lab Plant Dev & Environm Adaptat Biol, Minist Educ, Qingdao 266101, Peoples R China.;[Chai, Maofeng; Wang, Zeng-Yu] Qingdao Agr Univ, Grassland Agrihusb Res Ctr, Qingdao 266109, Peoples R China.;[Yang, Xianpeng] Shandong Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Jinan 250014, Peoples R China.;[Lu, Shiyou] Hubei Univ, Sch Life Sci, State Key Lab Biocatalysis & Enzyme Engn, Wuhan 430062, Peoples R China.;[Tong, Jianhua; Xiao, Langtao] Hunan Agr Univ, Hunan Prov Key Lab Phytohormones & Growth Dev, Hunan Prov Key Lab Crop Germplasm Innovat & Utiliz, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Chuanen Zhou] T;The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University , Qingdao 266101 , China
摘要：
Outermost cell layer-specific biosynthesis of very long-chain fatty acids is critical for the cell membrane integrity, which is important for auxin-mediated compound leaf patterning in barrelclover. Plant cuticles are composed of hydrophobic cuticular waxes and cutin. Very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) are components of epidermal waxes and the plasma membrane and are involved in organ morphogenesis. By screening a barrelclover (Medicago truncatula) mutant population tagged by the transposable element of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) cell type1 (Tnt1), we identified two types of mutants with unopened flower phenotypes, named unopened flower1 (uof1) and uof2. Both UOF1 and UOF2 encode enzymes that are involved in the biosynthesis of VLCFAs and cuticular wax. Comparative analysis of the mutants indicated that the mutation in UOF1, but not UOF2, leads to the increased number of leaflets in M. truncatula. UOF1 was specifically expressed in the outermost cell layer (L1) of the shoot apical meristem (SAM) and leaf primordia. The uof1 mutants displayed defects in VLCFA-mediated plasma membrane integrity, resulting in the disordered localization of the PIN-FORMED1 (PIN1) ortholog SMOOTH LEAF MARGIN1 (SLM1) in M. truncatula. Our work demonstrates that the UOF1-mediated biosynthesis of VLCFAs in L1 is critical for compound leaf patterning, which is associated with the polarization of the auxin efflux carrier in M. truncatula.
