摘要：
Obesity, which is always accompanied by disorders of lipid metabolism and dysbiosis of the gut microbiota, has become a global epidemic recognised by the World Health Organisation, necessitating innovative strategies and a globally accepted agreement on treating obesity and its related complications. Probiotics, as major active ingredients in many foods, offer potential as biological treatments for obesity prevention and management. Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) possesses a wide range of biological activities and is widely used to alleviate and ameliorate various diseases. This research demonstrated that Lactobacillus plantarum reduces the weight increase and fat build-up caused by a high-fat diet (HFD) in mice, while also improving glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in obese mice. Results indicated that L. plantarum effectively controlled the intestinal microbial community's structure, counteracted disruptions in gut flora caused by HFD, normalized the Firmicutes to Bacteroidota ratio (F/B), and decreased the prevalence of detrimental bacteria Desulfovibrio and Clostridia. Serum metabolomics findings indicate notable alterations in serum metabolites across various groups, notably the increased levels of Isoprothiolane and Inosine, key regulators of lipid metabolism disorders and enhancers of fat burning. These differential metabolites were mainly enriched in unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, sulfur metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis, and purine metabolism. Consequently, we propose that L. plantarum has the potential to alter the gut microbial community's composition, positioning it as a promising option for obesity therapy.
摘要：
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic and complex disease, and traditional drugs have many side effects. The active compound dihydromyricetin (DHM), derived from natural plants, has been shown in our previous study to possess the potential for reducing blood glucose levels; however, its precise molecular mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, network pharmacology and transcriptomics were performed to screen the molecular targets and signaling pathways of DHM disturbed associated with T2DM, and the results were partially verified by molecular docking, RT-PCR, and Western blotting at in vivo levels. Firstly, the effect of DHM on blood glucose, lipid profile, and liver oxidative stress in db/db mice was explored and the results showed that DHM could reduce blood glucose and improve oxidative stress in the liver. Secondly, GO analysis based on network pharmacology and transcriptomics results showed that DHM mainly played a significant role in anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and fatty acid metabolism in biological processes, on lipoprotein and respiratory chain on cell components, and on redox-related enzyme activity, iron ion binding, and glutathione transferase on molecular functional processes. KEGG system analysis results showed that the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, IL17 signaling pathway, HIF signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, and TNF signaling pathway were typical signaling pathways disturbed by DHM in T2DM. Thirdly, molecular docking results showed that VEGFA, SRC, HIF1A, ESR1, KDR, MMP9, PPARG, and MAPK14 are key target genes, five genes of which were verified by RT-PCR in a dose-dependent manner. Finally, Western blotting results revealed that DHM effectively upregulated the expression of AKT protein and downregulated the expression of MEK protein in the liver of db/db mice. Therefore, our study found that DHM played a therapeutic effect partially by activation of the PI3K/AKT/MAPK signaling pathway. This study establishes the foundation for DHM as a novel therapeutic agent for T2DM. Additionally, it presents a fresh approach to utilizing natural plant extracts for chemoprevention and treatment of T2DM.
摘要：
Understanding how phytoplankton interacts with local and regional drivers as well as their feedbacks is a great challenge, and quantitative analyses of the regulating role of human activities and climate changes on these feedback loops are also limited. By using monthly monitoring dataset (2000-2017) from Lake Taihu and empirical dynamic modelling to construct causal networks, we quantified the strengths of causal feedbacks among phytoplankton, local environments, zooplankton, meteorology as well as global climate oscillation. Prevalent bidirectional causal linkages between phytoplankton biomass (chlorophyll a) and the tested drivers were found, providing holistic and quantitative evidence of the ubiquitous feedback loops. Phytoplankton biomass exhibited the highest feedbacks with total inorganic nitrogen and ammonia and the lowest with nitrate. The feedbacks between phytoplankton biomass and environmental factors from 2000 to 2017 could be classified into two groups: the local environments (e.g., nutrients, pH, transparency, zooplankton biomass)-driven enhancement loops promoting the response of the phytoplankton biomass, and the climate (e.g., wind speed)-driven regulatory loops suppressing it. The two counterbalanced groups modified the emergent macroecological patterns. Our findings revealed that the causal feedback networks loosened significantly after 2007 following nutrient loading reduction and unsuccessful biomanipulation restoration attempts by stocking carp. The strength of enhancement loops underwent marked decreases leading to reduced phytoplankton responses to the tested drivers, while the climate (decreasing wind speed, warming winter)-driven regulatory loops increased- like a tug-of-war. To counteract the self-amplifying feedback loops, the present eutrophication mitigation efforts, especially nutrient reduction, should be continued, and introduction of alternative measures to indirectly regulate the critical components (e.g., pH, Secchi depth, zooplankton biomass) of the loops would be beneficial.
摘要：
The G-quadruplex (G4) represents a noncanonical guanine-rich nucleic acid secondary structure characterized by the presence of two or more G-quartets stabilized through Hoogsteen hydrogen bonding. These structures play essential roles in various biological processes including DNA replication, gene expression regulation, telomere maintenance, and genomic stability. Effectively visualizing and precisely detecting G4 structures and their dynamic changes in cells and in vivo are crucial for elucidating the relationship between different G4 structures and functions within complex biological systems. Among the plethora of G4 probes studied, near-infrared (NIR) G4 fluorescent probes are highly sought after due to their minimal autofluorescence and low cellular damage. The significance of NIR G4 fluorescent probes lies in their application for in-depth imaging and in vivo studies, providing excellent resolution with minimal perturbation of the organisms. This review comprehensively examines recent advancements of NIR G4 fluorescent probes for in vitro, cellular, and in vivo imaging, considering various G4 molecular backbones. The discussion encompasses the photophysical properties, binding affinity to G4, molecular design strategies, and modification concepts of NIR G4 fluorescent probes. Finally, this review is designed on the existing challenges and future development potential of G4 imaging tools.
期刊：
Frontiers in Microbiology,2024年15:1525583 ISSN：1664-302X
作者机构：
[Shitou Xia] Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, China;[W. G. Dilantha Fernando] Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Canada;[Junxing Lu] Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Adaptations, College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, China
摘要：
Recent years have seen a marked increase in research on chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells, with specific relevance to the treatment of hematological malignancies. Here, the structural principles, iterative processes, and target selection of CAR-T cells for therapeutic applications are described in detail, as well as the challenges faced in the treatment of solid tumors and hematological malignancies. These challenges include insufficient infiltration of cells, off-target effects, cytokine release syndrome, and tumor lysis syndrome. In addition, directions in the iterative development of CAR-T cell therapy are discussed, including modifications of CAR-T cell structures, improvements in specificity using multi-targets and novel targets, the use of Boolean logic gates to minimize off-target effects and control toxicity, and the adoption of additional protection mechanisms to improve the durability of CAR-T cell treatment. This review provides ideas and strategies for the development of CAR-T cell therapy through an in-depth exploration of the underlying mechanisms of action of CAR-T cells and their potential for innovative modification.
关键词：
The Web of Science (WOS) library was used to conduct an electronic literature search for this review. After screening;we gathered 568 literature on microcapsules and the intestine between 2008 and 2023;comprising articles (545) and reviews (23). The research development on microencapsulation materials;encapsulation techniques;and applications in intestinal disorders is illustrated by the keywords co-occurrence network (Fig. 2a). Based on the yearly number of publications (Fig. 2c);the
摘要：
Intestinal dysfunction is becoming increasingly associated with neurological and endocrine issues, raising concerns about its impact on world health. With the introduction of several breakthrough technologies for detecting and treating intestinal illnesses, significant progress has been made in the previous few years. On the other hand, traditional intrusive diagnostic techniques are expensive and time-consuming. Furthermore, the efficacy of conventional drugs (not capsules) is reduced since they are more likely to degrade before reaching their target. In this context, microcapsules based on different types of biological macromolecules have been used to encapsulate active drugs and sensors to track intestinal ailments and address these issues. Several biomacromolecules/biomaterials (natural protein, alginate, chitosan, cellulose and RNA etc.) are widely used for make microcapsules for intestinal diseases , and can significantly improve the therapeutic effect and reduce adverse reactions . This article systematically summarizes microencapsulated based on biomacromolecules material for intestinal health control and efficacy enhancement. It also discusses the application and mechanism research of microencapsulated biomacromolecules drugs in reducing intestinal inflammation , in addition to covering the preparation techniques of microencapsulated drug delivery systems used for intestinal health. Microcapsule delivery systems' limits and potential applications for intestinal disease diagnosis, treatment, and surveillance were highlighted.
Intestinal dysfunction is becoming increasingly associated with neurological and endocrine issues, raising concerns about its impact on world health. With the introduction of several breakthrough technologies for detecting and treating intestinal illnesses, significant progress has been made in the previous few years. On the other hand, traditional intrusive diagnostic techniques are expensive and time-consuming. Furthermore, the efficacy of conventional drugs (not capsules) is reduced since they are more likely to degrade before reaching their target. In this context, microcapsules based on different types of biological macromolecules have been used to encapsulate active drugs and sensors to track intestinal ailments and address these issues. Several biomacromolecules/biomaterials (natural protein, alginate, chitosan, cellulose and RNA etc.) are widely used for make microcapsules for intestinal diseases , and can significantly improve the therapeutic effect and reduce adverse reactions . This article systematically summarizes microencapsulated based on biomacromolecules material for intestinal health control and efficacy enhancement. It also discusses the application and mechanism research of microencapsulated biomacromolecules drugs in reducing intestinal inflammation , in addition to covering the preparation techniques of microencapsulated drug delivery systems used for intestinal health. Microcapsule delivery systems' limits and potential applications for intestinal disease diagnosis, treatment, and surveillance were highlighted.
摘要：
Cultivating perennial energy crops (PECs) not only enhances soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration but also provides a reliable feedstock for bioenergy production. Nevertheless, the lack of exploration of the SOC sequestration rate and its spatiotemporal dynamics at a global scale hinders the industrial-scale implementation of PECs cultivation. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive global meta-analysis to quantify the SOC sequestration rate and elucidate its spatiotemporal dynamics. The results showed that PECs cultivation globally achieves a SOC sequestration rate of 0.21 Mg ha −1 yr −1 . The crop age and soil depth were identified as the most important driving factors of the SOC sequestration rate. The SOC sequestration rate of PECs cultivation initially increased with crop age but eventually declined, reaching its peak at 9 years. Notably, the SOC sequestration rate was higher in deeper soil layers, particularly within 30–60 cm, compared to the topsoils (0–30 cm). Our results provide compelling evidence that PECs have promising potential for enhancing SOC sequestration, particularly in deep soils over the long term. These results contribute to the formulation of relevant policies aimed at effectively deploying PECs to facilitate the transition to renewable energy sources and achieve carbon neutrality.
Cultivating perennial energy crops (PECs) not only enhances soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration but also provides a reliable feedstock for bioenergy production. Nevertheless, the lack of exploration of the SOC sequestration rate and its spatiotemporal dynamics at a global scale hinders the industrial-scale implementation of PECs cultivation. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive global meta-analysis to quantify the SOC sequestration rate and elucidate its spatiotemporal dynamics. The results showed that PECs cultivation globally achieves a SOC sequestration rate of 0.21 Mg ha −1 yr −1 . The crop age and soil depth were identified as the most important driving factors of the SOC sequestration rate. The SOC sequestration rate of PECs cultivation initially increased with crop age but eventually declined, reaching its peak at 9 years. Notably, the SOC sequestration rate was higher in deeper soil layers, particularly within 30–60 cm, compared to the topsoils (0–30 cm). Our results provide compelling evidence that PECs have promising potential for enhancing SOC sequestration, particularly in deep soils over the long term. These results contribute to the formulation of relevant policies aimed at effectively deploying PECs to facilitate the transition to renewable energy sources and achieve carbon neutrality.
作者机构：
[Liu, Gang; Liu, Naiyuan; Liu, Zhuangzhuang; Zhao, Jinfeng; Fang, Jun; Wang, Keyu] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Biosci & Biotechnol, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Gang; Liu, Naiyuan; Liu, Zhuangzhuang; Zhao, Jinfeng; Fang, Jun; Wang, Keyu] Hunan Engn Lab Pollut Control & Waste Utilizat Swi, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Yao, Hao] Changsha IMADEK Intelligent Technol Co Ltd, Changsha, Peoples R China.;[Pan, Junting] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Agr Resources & Reg Planning, State Key Lab Efficient Utilizat Arid & Semiarid A, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Fang, J ] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Biosci & Biotechnol, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Hunan Engn Lab Pollut Control & Waste Utilizat Swi, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Meta genomic analysis;Network analysis;Rice straw-mushroom compost;Sawdust-rice husk compost
摘要：
This study aimed to assess the impact of microbial agent and different compost material, on physicochemical parameters dynamic change, nitrogen-transfer gene/bacterial community interaction network during the pig manure composting. Incorporating a microbial agent into rice straw-mushroom compost reduced the NH(3) and total ammonia emissions by 25.52% and 14.41%, respectively. Notably, rice straw-mushroom with a microbial agent reduced the total ammonia emissions by 37.67%. NH(4)(+)-N and pH emerged as primary factors of phylum-level and genus-level microorganisms. Microbial agent increased the expression of narG, nirK, and nosZ genes. Rice straw-mushroom elevated the content of amoA, nirK, nirS, and nosZ genes. Alcanivorax, Luteimonas, Pusillimonas, Lactobacillus, Aequorivita, Clostridium, Moheibacter and Truepera were identified as eight core microbial genera during the nitrogen conversion process. This study provides a strategy for reducing ammonia emissions and analyzes the potential mechanisms underlying compost processes.
摘要：
Biomass energy, recognized for its potential to supplant traditional energy sources, finds a promising alternative in Miscanthus. Particularly, M. lutarioriparius, a species within the Miscanthus genus, stands out as the most suitable for application. This study focuses on the impact of harvest timing on the biomass and combustion quality of M. lutarioriparius in the coastal wetlands of Dongting Lake, Hunan. A comprehensive field experiment was conducted in this area. The findings reveal several key trends: Firstly, the biomass yield of M. lutarioriparius decreased from 18.42 tons per hectare to 11.25 tons per hectare with the delayed harvest. there is a notable increase in the stem-to-leaf ratio of M. lutarioriparius, primarily attributed to leaf shedding. Secondly, the water content had dropped to 22.33% by the time of harvest in February of the following year. Ash content decreased from 4.55% to 2.17% from October to February of the following year. The calorific value, cellulose and lignin content increased with delayed harvest, while hemicellulose content decreased. Notably, the calorific value exhibits a significant positive correlation with cellulose and lignin content, and a markedly negative correlation with hemicellulose. Thirdly, most mineral elements in the plant demonstrate a significant decrease with delayed harvesting, except for potassium (K) and calcium (Ca), which initially increase and then decrease. The ash content shows a positive correlation with the contents of potassium (K) and silicon (Si). Despite a reduction in biomass yield due to delayed harvesting, combustion quality significantly improves. Therefore, it is concluded that optimal fuel quality is achieved when M. lutarioriparius is harvested in February of the following year.
摘要：
Miscanthus spp. has been regarded as a promising industrial plant for the sustainable production of bio-based materials. To assess its potential for microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) production, 50 representative clones of M. sinensis and M. floridulus were selected from a nationwide collection showcasing the extensive diversity of germplasm resources. Descriptive analysis indicates that the dry biomass weight of M. floridulus is advantageous whereas M. sinensis demonstrates higher MCC and CNCs yields as well as a smaller CNCs particle size. Correlation analyses indicated that MCC yield is solely influenced by the cellulose content whereas the yield of CNCs is affected by both the cellulose content and CrI. Comparative analyses of the chemical composition, physical features (degree of polymerization, crystalline index, particle size distribution and zeta potential), and scanning electron microscopy indicated that the MCC and CNCs extracted from M. sinensis and M. floridulus exhibited remarkable stability and quality. Additionally, the CNCs derived from M. sinensis and M. floridulus exhibited a distinctive ball-shaped structure. Notably, machine learning has demonstrated its efficacy and effectiveness in the high-throughput screening of large populations of Miscanthus spp. for predicting the yield of MCC and CNCs. Our results have also laid the theoretical foundation for the exploration, cultivation, and genetic breeding of M. sinensis and M. floridulus germplasm resources with the purpose of MCC and CNCs preparation.
摘要：
Weaning is a critical transitional point in the life cycle of piglets. Early weaning can lead to post-weaning syndrome, destroy the intestinal barrier function and microbiota homeostasis, cause diarrhea and threaten the health of piglets. The nutritional components of milk and solid foods consumed by newborn animals can affect the diversity and structure of their intestinal microbiota, and regulate post-weaning diarrhea in piglets. Therefore, this paper reviews the effects and mechanisms of different nutrients, including protein, dietary fiber, dietary fatty acids and dietary electrolyte balance, on diarrhea and health of piglets by regulating intestinal function. Protein is an essential nutrient for the growth of piglets; however, excessive intake will cause many harmful effects, such as allergic reactions, intestinal barrier dysfunction and pathogenic growth, eventually aggravating piglet diarrhea. Dietary fiber is a nutrient that alleviates post-weaning diarrhea in piglets, which is related to its promotion of intestinal epithelial integrity, microbial homeostasis and the production of short-chain fatty acids. In addition, dietary fatty acids and dietary electrolyte balance can also facilitate the growth, function and health of piglets by regulating intestinal epithelial function, immune system and microbiota. Thus, a targeted control of dietary components to promote the establishment of a healthy bacterial community is a significant method for preventing nutritional diarrhea in weaned piglets.
Weaning is a critical transitional point in the life cycle of piglets. Early weaning can lead to post-weaning syndrome, destroy the intestinal barrier function and microbiota homeostasis, cause diarrhea and threaten the health of piglets. The nutritional components of milk and solid foods consumed by newborn animals can affect the diversity and structure of their intestinal microbiota, and regulate post-weaning diarrhea in piglets. Therefore, this paper reviews the effects and mechanisms of different nutrients, including protein, dietary fiber, dietary fatty acids and dietary electrolyte balance, on diarrhea and health of piglets by regulating intestinal function. Protein is an essential nutrient for the growth of piglets; however, excessive intake will cause many harmful effects, such as allergic reactions, intestinal barrier dysfunction and pathogenic growth, eventually aggravating piglet diarrhea. Dietary fiber is a nutrient that alleviates post-weaning diarrhea in piglets, which is related to its promotion of intestinal epithelial integrity, microbial homeostasis and the production of short-chain fatty acids. In addition, dietary fatty acids and dietary electrolyte balance can also facilitate the growth, function and health of piglets by regulating intestinal epithelial function, immune system and microbiota. Thus, a targeted control of dietary components to promote the establishment of a healthy bacterial community is a significant method for preventing nutritional diarrhea in weaned piglets.
摘要：
Cadmium (Cd) toxicity is a universal environmental threat to plant growth. Either arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) or biochar have been shown to effectively mitigate Cd toxicity in plants. Additionally, the camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora) has been used for phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soils. However, the potential interacting effects of these treatments and their underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, we conducted a mesocosm experiment to examine the effects of mycorrhizal inoculation (inoculation with sterilized AMF, with Rhizophagus intraradices and Diversispora versiformis, either alone or their mixture) and/or rice-husk biochar amendment on camphor trees grown in Cd-spiked soils (0, 15, 150 mg Cd per kg soil). We found that Cd addition significantly reduced plant biomass and increased Cd accumulation in plant tissues and soil. Single application of either AMF or biochar significantly inhibited Cd uptake by plants. Nevertheless, AMF inoculation alone improved plant biomass, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), phosphorus (P) uptake and glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP) production, as well as alleviated Cd accumulation in plant shoots to a greater extent than biochar amendment; biochar performed better than AMF in reducing soil Cd mobilization under the highest Cd contamination. These results suggest that AMF and biochar adopt different strategies to reduce Cd toxicity in plants. Moreover, the combination of AMF and biochar showed the highest mycorrhizal colonization, Pn and plant biomass, as well as the lowest Cd uptake by plants under the highest Cd contamination. Particularly, the mixed fungi of R. intraradices and D. versiformis combined with biochar produced the most profound effect on plant biomass under Cd contaminations. These results suggested that the combination of AMF inoculation and biochar amendment had synergistic effects, and their combination performed better than their single application under Cd-contaminated soil. Furthermore, these additive benefits were mainly attributed to the higher total GRSP and mycorrhizal viability. This work suggests that applying mixed fungi of R. intraradices and D. versiformis together with biochar amendment may be a potential method not only for camphor production but also for the phytoremediation of soil exposed to Cd contamination.
Cadmium (Cd) toxicity is a universal environmental threat to plant growth. Either arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) or biochar have been shown to effectively mitigate Cd toxicity in plants. Additionally, the camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora) has been used for phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soils. However, the potential interacting effects of these treatments and their underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, we conducted a mesocosm experiment to examine the effects of mycorrhizal inoculation (inoculation with sterilized AMF, with Rhizophagus intraradices and Diversispora versiformis, either alone or their mixture) and/or rice-husk biochar amendment on camphor trees grown in Cd-spiked soils (0, 15, 150 mg Cd per kg soil). We found that Cd addition significantly reduced plant biomass and increased Cd accumulation in plant tissues and soil. Single application of either AMF or biochar significantly inhibited Cd uptake by plants. Nevertheless, AMF inoculation alone improved plant biomass, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), phosphorus (P) uptake and glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP) production, as well as alleviated Cd accumulation in plant shoots to a greater extent than biochar amendment; biochar performed better than AMF in reducing soil Cd mobilization under the highest Cd contamination. These results suggest that AMF and biochar adopt different strategies to reduce Cd toxicity in plants. Moreover, the combination of AMF and biochar showed the highest mycorrhizal colonization, Pn and plant biomass, as well as the lowest Cd uptake by plants under the highest Cd contamination. Particularly, the mixed fungi of R. intraradices and D. versiformis combined with biochar produced the most profound effect on plant biomass under Cd contaminations. These results suggested that the combination of AMF inoculation and biochar amendment had synergistic effects, and their combination performed better than their single application under Cd-contaminated soil. Furthermore, these additive benefits were mainly attributed to the higher total GRSP and mycorrhizal viability. This work suggests that applying mixed fungi of R. intraradices and D. versiformis together with biochar amendment may be a potential method not only for camphor production but also for the phytoremediation of soil exposed to Cd contamination.
作者机构：
[Wang, Xiting; Luo, Huan] College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China;[Peng, Xiaozhen] School of Public Health & Laboratory Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, China;Hunan Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Cell Mechanics and Function Analysis, Changsha 418000, China;[Chen, Jinjun] College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Cell Mechanics and Function Analysis, Changsha 418000, China
通讯机构：
[Xiaozhen Peng] S;[Jinjun Chen] C;School of Public Health & Laboratory Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, China<&wdkj&>College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Cell Mechanics and Function Analysis, Changsha 418000, China
摘要：
In sensory neurons that transmit pain signals, whether acute or chronic, voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) are crucial for regulating excitability. NaV1.1, NaV1.3, NaV1.6, NaV1.7, NaV1.8, and NaV1.9 have been demonstrated and defined their functional roles in pain signaling based on their biophysical properties and distinct patterns of expression in each subtype of sensory neurons. Scorpions and spiders are traditional Chinese medicinal materials, belonging to the arachnid class. Most of the studied species of them have evolved venom peptides that exhibit a wide variety of knottins specifically targeting VGSCs with subtype selectivity and conformational specificity. This review provides an overview on the exquisite knottins from scorpion and spider venoms targeting pain-related NaV channels, describing the sequences and the structural features as well as molecular determinants that influence their selectivity on special subtype and at particular conformation, with an aim for the development of novel research tools on NaV channels and analgesics with minimal adverse effects.
In sensory neurons that transmit pain signals, whether acute or chronic, voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) are crucial for regulating excitability. NaV1.1, NaV1.3, NaV1.6, NaV1.7, NaV1.8, and NaV1.9 have been demonstrated and defined their functional roles in pain signaling based on their biophysical properties and distinct patterns of expression in each subtype of sensory neurons. Scorpions and spiders are traditional Chinese medicinal materials, belonging to the arachnid class. Most of the studied species of them have evolved venom peptides that exhibit a wide variety of knottins specifically targeting VGSCs with subtype selectivity and conformational specificity. This review provides an overview on the exquisite knottins from scorpion and spider venoms targeting pain-related NaV channels, describing the sequences and the structural features as well as molecular determinants that influence their selectivity on special subtype and at particular conformation, with an aim for the development of novel research tools on NaV channels and analgesics with minimal adverse effects.
