摘要：
The prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) in chickens and pigs were investigated in Beijing and Shanxi, China. In total, 322 C. perfringens (chicken n = 60 and pig n = 262) were obtained from 620 feces of chickens (n = 256) and pigs (n = 364). Multiplex PCR for toxin typing of C. perfringens revealed that all the isolates belong to type A, with 45.7 % (147/322) isolates carrying beta-2 toxin-encoding gene cpb2. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of 27 antimicrobial agents showed that 91.0 % of the tested C. perfringens isolates were resistant to gentamicin and sulfonamides (sulfisoxazole and trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole), and little resistance was showed to amoxicillin-clavulanate, ceftiofur, doxycycline, vancomycin and linezolid. Additionally, nosiheptide, avilamycin, virginiamycin and bacitracin exhibited good activity against the tested C. perfringens with low MIC50 (0.06 to <= 4 mu g/mL) and MIC90 values (0.25-8 mu g/mL). Whole genome sequencing (WGS) of 48 representative isolates from each farm indicated that the C. perfringens contained diverse antimicrobial resistance genes [tetA(P), ant(6)-Ib, erm(Q), etc.] and toxin genes (cpb2, colA, cloSI, pfoA, etc.). By comparative analysis, four C. perfringens isolates from three different pig farms harboured cpb2-carrying plasmid pl with 100 % nucleotide sequence identity, suggesting horizontal gene transfer among these microorganisms. The further phylogenomic reconstruction, based on the core-genome single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the representatives, demonstrating that C. perfringens from the same farms and regions were closely related. These findings expanded our knowledge of C. perfringens isolated from animals in China, which provided scientific basis for efficient intervention or prevention measures of antimicrobial resistance in animal husbandry in China.
作者机构：
[Meng-ting Zuo; Yan-chun Liu; Li Lin] College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Veterinary Drugs, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;[Qi Tang; Pi Cheng] Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;[Zhi-liang Sun] College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Veterinary Drugs, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;[Zhao-ying Liu] College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Veterinary Drugs, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
通讯机构：
[Zhao-ying Liu] C;College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Veterinary Drugs, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
期刊：
Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics,2020年43(2):208-214 ISSN：0140-7783
通讯作者：
Liu, Zhao-Ying;Sun, Zhi-Liang
作者机构：
[Wu, Yong; Cao, Yan; Sun, Zhuo; Sun, Zhi-Liang; Liu, Zhao-Ying; Zhao, Na-Jiao; Wang, Qin] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Hunan Engn Technol Res Ctr Vet Drugs, Changsha, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Zhao-Ying; Sun, ZL] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Liu, ZY; Sun, ZL] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
dihydrosanguinarine;drug metabolite;sanguinarine;unclassified drug;benzophenanthridine derivative;isoquinoline derivative;sanguinarine;animal cell;animal experiment;animal tissue;area under the curve;Article;controlled study;cytosol;drug accumulation;drug clearance;drug half life;drug metabolism;elimination half-life;female;in vitro study;in vivo study;intestine flora;intestine mucosa;maximum concentration;mean residence time;microsome;nonhuman;pharmacokinetics;priority journal;single drug dose;steady state;time to maximum plasma concentration;animal;half life time;intramuscular drug administration;metabolism;oral drug administration;pig;Administration, Oral;Animals;Area Under Curve;Benzophenanthridines;Half-Life;Injections, Intramuscular;Isoquinolines;Swine
通讯机构：
[Liu, Zhao-Ying] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
摘要：
<jats:sec><jats:title>Rationale</jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Gelsemium elegans</jats:italic> (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case"><jats:italic>G. elegans</jats:italic></jats:styled-content>) is highly toxic to humans and rats but has insecticidal and growth‐promoting effects on pigs and goats. However, the mechanisms behind the toxicity differences of <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case"><jats:italic>G. elegans</jats:italic></jats:styled-content> are unclear. Gelsenicine, isolated from <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case"><jats:italic>G. elegans</jats:italic>,</jats:styled-content> has been reported to be a toxic alkaloid.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>In this study, the <jats:italic>in vitro</jats:italic> metabolism of gelsenicine was investigated and compared for the first time using human (HLM), pig (PLM), goat (GLM) and rat (RLM) liver microsomes and high‐performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS).</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>In total, eight metabolites (<jats:bold>M1</jats:bold>–<jats:bold>M8</jats:bold>) were identified by using high‐performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (HPLC/QqTOF‐MS). Two main metabolic pathways were found in the liver microsomes of the four species: demethylation at the methoxy group on the indole nitrogen (<jats:bold>M1</jats:bold>) and oxidation at different positions (<jats:bold>M2</jats:bold>–<jats:bold>M8</jats:bold>). <jats:bold>M8</jats:bold> was identified only in the GLM. The degradation ratio of gelsenicine and the relative percentage of metabolites produced during metabolism were determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/QqQ‐MS/MS). The degradation ratio of gelsenicine in liver microsomes decreased in the following order: PLM ≥ GLM > HLM > RLM. The production of <jats:bold>M1</jats:bold> decreased in the order of GLM > PLM > RLM > HLM, the production of <jats:bold>M2</jats:bold> was similar among the four species, and the production of <jats:bold>M3</jats:bold> was higher in the HLM than in the liver microsomes of the other three species.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title><jats:p>Based on these results, demethylation was speculated to be the main gelsenicine detoxification pathway, providing vital information to better understand the metabolism and toxicity differences of <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case"><jats:italic>G. elegans</jats:italic></jats:styled-content> among different species.</jats:p></jats:sec>
通讯机构：
[Liu, Zhao-Ying] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Hunan Engn Technol Res Ctr Vet Drugs, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Gelsemium elegans is a flowering plant in the Loganiaceae. Because it can promote the growth of pigs and sheep, it is widely used, including in veterinary clinics, but little information is available about its biological effects. Here, we used high-throughput sequencing to characterize the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the ileums of pigs between a control group and a group fed Gelsemium elegans for 45 days. We found that Gelsemium elegans affected many inflammatory and immune pathways, including biological processes such as defense responses, inflammation and immune responses. Moreover, this study identified several important genes related to the anti-inflammatory activity of Gelsemium elegans (e.g., CXCL-8, IL1A, and CSF2), which will be beneficial for further study of the pharmacological mechanisms and clinical applications of Gelsemium elegans.
摘要：
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Recent studies show that nitric oxide/asymmetric dimethylarginine/dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">NO</jats:styled-content>/<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">ADMA</jats:styled-content>/<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">DDAH</jats:styled-content>) pathway may contribute to the development of sleep disorder. The objective of this study was to explore the inhibitory effect of procyanidin B2 from lotus seedpod (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">LSPC</jats:styled-content>), a naturally occurring catechin compound, on insomnia and the mechanisms involved. The experiments were performed in brain from Sprague‐Dawley rat control and insomniac rats treated or not with <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">LSPC</jats:styled-content> (15, 30, and 45mg/kg, intragastrically) for 7days. <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">LSPC</jats:styled-content> treatment reduced walking time and forelimb lifting‐up frequency, cerebral levels of noradrenaline, glutamic acid, <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">ADMA</jats:styled-content>, sleep latency, and 8‐isoprostane; increased sleep duration, cerebral concentrations of 5‐hydroxytryptamine, γ‐aminobutyric acid, and <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">NO</jats:styled-content> concomitantly with upregulated cerebral expression of <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">DDAH</jats:styled-content> 1, <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">DDAH</jats:styled-content>2, and neuronal <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">NO</jats:styled-content> synthases in insomniac rats. The present results suggest that <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">LSPC</jats:styled-content> may regulate <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">NO</jats:styled-content>/<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">ADMA</jats:styled-content>/<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">DDAH</jats:styled-content> pathway by inhibiting oxidative stress to treat insomnia in rats when sleep evaluation was achieved on the basis of behavioral criteria.</jats:p>
摘要：
为研究抗球虫新化合物沙咪珠利在鸡盲肠中的药物代谢和消除情况,建立检测鸡盲肠中沙咪珠利的高效液相色谱法.检测方法以妥曲珠利亚砜为内标,X TERRA MS C185μm(Waters,4.6×250 mm)柱为分析柱,乙腈:0.2%磷酸水溶液(v/v,35:65)为流动相等度洗脱,C18柱分离后,在251 nm波长紫外检测器检测,内标法定量.鸡盲肠样品经匀浆化后,乙腈提取、己烷除脂.结果表明,该方法在0.2~40 mg/kg添加浓度范围内检测鸡盲肠中沙咪珠利具有很好的线性关系(r2=0.994);平均相对回收率为90%~107%,日内变异系数2.37%~8.72%;日间变异系数4.09%~6.80%,具有特异性好、灵敏度高、准确性和重现性良好、操作简单等优点,能满足鸡盲肠中沙咪珠利的检测需求.
