摘要：
With the increase of consumer demand for high-quality animal protein, it becomes imperative to improve meat quality through nutritional strategy. Resveratrol is a plant polyphenol that exists in grapes and grape products, and it has been considered as a potential functional feed additive. Here, we aimed to explore the optimal dose of resveratrol in Pekin ducks' diet and its effect on improving meat quality. A total of 432 male Pekin ducks (1-day-old) were selected and randomly allotted to 4 treatment groups, with each group containing 6 replicates. Four different levels of resveratrol were evaluated (0, 150, 300, and 450mg/kg) for 42d. The carcass traits, meat quality, and muscle fiber characteristics of Pekin ducks were investigated. Results showed that a∗(24h), b∗(24h), intramuscular fat, crude protein, total flavor amino acid content of duck breast muscle, and a∗(45min) of duck leg muscle were increased (P<0.05) by resveratrol. Resveratrol also reduced abdominal fat deposition, shear force, L∗(45min) of breast muscle and drip loss, shear force, and L∗(45min) of leg muscle. In addition, the breast muscle fibers of resveratrol-fed ducks had lower diameter and cross-sectional area and higher density (P<0.05). Overall, we conclude that dietary resveratrol supplement can effectively improve Pekin duck meat quality, the optimal additional range in diet being 300 to 450mg/kg. Its underlying mechanism might be partly through stimulation of intramuscular fat and flavor amino deposition and alteration of muscle fiber characteristics.
摘要：
<jats:p>Recent evidences suggest that gut microbiota plays an important role in regulating physiological and metabolic activities of pregnant sows, and β-carotene has a potentially positive effect on reproduction, but the impact of β-carotene on gut microbiota in pregnant sows remains unknown. This study aimed to explore the effect and mechanisms of β-carotene on the reproductive performance of sows from the aspect of gut microbiota. A total of 48 hybrid pregnant sows (Landrace × Yorkshire) with similar parity were randomly allocated into three groups (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 16) and fed with a basal diet or a diet containing 30 or 90 mg/kg of β-carotene from day 90 of gestation until parturition. Dietary supplementation of 30 or 90 mg/kg β-carotene increased the number of live birth to 11.82 ± 1.54 and 12.29 ± 2.09, respectively, while the control group was 11.00 ± 1.41 (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = 0.201). Moreover, β-carotene increased significantly the serum nitric oxide (NO) level and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). Characterization of fecal microbiota revealed that 90 mg/kg β-carotene increased the diversity of the gut flora (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). In particular, β-carotene decreased the relative abundance of Firmicutes including <jats:italic>Lachnospiraceae</jats:italic> AC2044 group, <jats:italic>Lachnospiraceae</jats:italic> NK4B4 group and <jats:italic>Ruminococcaceae</jats:italic> UCG-008, but enriched Proteobacteria including <jats:italic>Bilophila</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Sutterella</jats:italic>, and Actinobacteria including <jats:italic>Corynebacterium</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Corynebacterium</jats:italic> 1 which are related to NO synthesis. These data demonstrated that dietary supplementation of β-carotene may increase antioxidant enzyme activity and NO, an important vasodilator to promote the neonatal blood circulation, through regulating gut microbiota in sows.</jats:p>
关键词：
Antioxidant system;Laying hens;Selenium;Trace elements
摘要：
The purpose of this study was to investigate the interactions between different selenium (Se) compounds including sodium selenite (SS), selenium-enriched yeast (SY), and nano-selenium (NS) and various essential trace elements involved in the antioxidant systems, and to evaluate the effects on laying performance and egg quality. A total of 288 21-week-old Hyline Sophie hens were allotted to four dietary treatments: (1) basal diet without Se supplementation; (2) basal diet supplemented with 0.3 mg/kg Se of SS; (3) basal diet supplemented with 0.3 mg/kg Se of SY; (4) basal diet supplemented with 0.3 mg/kg Se of NS. Each treatment had eight replicates with nine hens per replicate. The trial lasted for 35 days. Results demonstrated that NS supplementation decreased the egg production (EP) and increased the feed conversion rate (FCR) and eggshell thickness and that SY changed the egg shape index (p < 0.05). Supplementation with three Se compounds significantly increased serum Se concentration and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in all treatment groups, as well as total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity in the SY and NS groups. Yolk iron (Fe) and copper (Cu) concentrations in the NS group were also increased with Se supplementation. While the serum zinc (Zn) concentration decreased in the NS and SY groups, as well as the yolk manganese (Mn) concentration in the SY group. And the total antioxidant capability (T-AOC) of yolk with 3 days of storage in the SY and NS groups, malondialdehyde (MDA) value in the NS group, and the T-SOD activity and MDA value of yolk with 10 days of storage in the SY group also decreased. Thus, the source of Se compounds may influence the balance between Se and other trace elements including Zn, Mn, Fe, and Cu, which is important for proper antioxidant defense in blood and egg yolk of laying hens.
摘要：
Sanguinarine is a bioactive compound as a quaternary benzophenanthridine alkaloid from plant of the Macleaya cordata, Papaveraceae family. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary sanguinarine supplementation on growth performance, serum biochemistry parameters, intestinal mucosal morphology and gut microbiome in yellow feathered broilers. Two hundred and seventy 1-d-old female broilers were randomly assigned to 3 treatments ① Basal diet (NG); ② Basal diet containing bacitracin methylene disalicylate (50mg/Kg diet) (ANT); ③ Basal diet containing sanguinarine (0.7 mg/ kg of feed) (SAG). The statistical results showed that dietary sanguinarine supplementation enhanced growth performance and decreased glucose, uric acid as well as urea nitrogen levels of broilers at 28d of age (P<0.05). The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that sanguinarine significantly decreased the species from the phyla Bacteroidetes, and increased the species from phyla Firmicutes. Moreover, dietary sanguinarine supplementation improved mucosal morphology to achieve higher ratio of intestinal villus height to crypt depth (P < 0.05), and decreased the concentrations of TNF-α and IL-4 in jejunum mucosal. This study demonstrated that sanguinarine supplementation in the diet of yellow feathered broilers improved intestinal morphology and microbiota community structure to promote growth performance on 1-28d.
