摘要：
Anti‐inflammatory effect of Lactobacillus delbrueckii supply on muscle atrophy of piglets could be likely regulated by inhibiting secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐6 and TNF‐α through inactivation of the ER stress/NF‐κB singling pathway, along with reduction in protein degradation by inhibition of the ubiquitin‐proteasome and autophagy‐lysosome systems. Abstract Pro‐inflammatory cytokines in muscle play a pivotal role in physiological responses and in the pathophysiology of inflammatory disease and muscle atrophy. Lactobacillus delbrueckii (LD), as a kind of probiotics, has inhibitory effects on pro‐inflammatory cytokines associated with various inflammatory diseases. This study was conducted to explore the effect of dietary LD on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)—induced muscle inflammation and atrophy in piglets and to elucidate the underlying mechanism. A total of 36 weaned piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Large Yorkshire) were allotted into three groups with six replicates (pens) of two piglets: (1) Nonchallenged control; (2) LPS‐challenged (LPS); (3) 0.2% LD diet and LPS‐challenged (LD+LPS). On d 29, the piglets were injected intraperitoneally with LPS or sterilized saline, respectively. All piglets were slaughtered at 4 h after LPS or saline injection, the blood and muscle samples were collected for further analysis. Our results showed that dietary supplementation of LD significantly attenuated LPS‐induced production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐6 and TNF‐α in both serum and muscle of the piglets. Concomitantly, pretreating the piglets with LD also clearly inhibited LPS‐induced nuclear translocation of NF‐κB p65 subunits in the muscle, which correlated with the anti‐inflammatory effects of LD on the muscle of piglets. Meanwhile, LPS‐induced muscle atrophy, indicated by a higher expression of muscle atrophy F‐box, muscle RING finger protein (MuRF1), forkhead box O 1, and autophagy‐related protein 5 (ATG5) at the transcriptional level, whereas pretreatment with LD led to inhibition of these upregulations, particularly genes for MuRF1 and ATG5. Moreover, LPS‐induced mRNA expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress markers, such as eukaryotic translational initiation factor 2α (eIF‐2α) was suppressed by pretreatment with LD, which was accompanied by a decrease in the protein expression levels of IRE1α and GRP78. Additionally, LD significantly prevented muscle cell apoptotic death induced by LPS. Taken together, our data indicate that the anti‐inflammatory effect of LD supply on muscle atrophy of piglets could be likely regulated by inhibiting the secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines through the inactivation of the ER stress/NF‐κB singling pathway, along with the reduction in protein degradation.
摘要：
Simple Summary Gut microbiota has become a key factor affecting various phenotypic characteristics of the host. Chinese indigenous pig breeds (Ningxiang pigs) have shown greater stress resistance compared to commercial breeds (Duroc x Landrace x Yorkshire (DLY) pigs) which may be related to their distinctive gut microbiota. However, there are few studies on how exogenous microbiota (Ningxiang pigs) change the physiology or metabolism of the host. This study aimed to investigate the effects of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from Ningxiang pigs on the growth performance, fecal microbiota, and serum metabolites of the same-old DLY pigs. The results showed that Ningxiang pig's FMT could alleviate oxidative stress and enhance growth performance in DLY pigs by modulating their gut microbiota and metabolic features.Abstract The gut microbiota is crucial for maintaining the host's intestinal homeostasis and metabolism. This study investigated the effects of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from Ningxiang pigs on the growth performance, fecal microbiota, and serum metabolites of the same-old DLY pigs. The results indicated that the average daily gain of FMT pigs was significantly greater than that of the control (CON) group. Compared to the CON group, the FMT group significantly improved the apparent digestibility of crude fiber, crude ash, gross energy, and calcium of the pigs. The analysis of serum antioxidant status revealed that the activities of total superoxide dismutase and catalase in the serum of pigs in the FMT group were significantly elevated, whereas the level of malondialdehyde was significantly reduced. Furthermore, 16S rRNA sequencing analysis revealed that the Ningxiang pig-derived microbiota altered the fecal microbiota structure and modulated the diversity of the gut microbiota in the DLY pigs. Untargeted LC-MS metabolomics demonstrated that pigs in the FMT group exhibited distinct metabolomic profiles compared to those in the CON group. Significant changes were observed in key metabolites involved in amino acid, lipid, and carbohydrate metabolism. Additionally, a correlation analysis between serum differential metabolites and the gut microbiota revealed that the relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group and Corynebacterium was highly correlated with lipid compounds. In conclusion, Ningxiang pig-derived microbiota can alleviate oxidative stress and enhance growth performance in DLY pigs by modulating their gut microbiota and metabolic features.
关键词：
L. delbrueckii;ileal bacteria;circadian rhythms;pigs
摘要：
Intestinal bacteria, synchronized with diet and feeding time, exhibit circadian rhythms and anticipate host gut function; however the effect of dietary probiotics on gut bacterial diurnal rhythms remains obscure. In this study, bacteria were sequenced at 6 Zeitgeber times (ZT) from a pig model of ileal T-shaped fistula to test ileal bacterial composition and circadian rhythms after Lactobacillus delbrueckii administration. The results showed that dietary L. delbrueckii enhanced ileal bacterial α-diversity at Zeitgeber time (ZT) 16, evidenced by an increased Simpson index compared with control pigs. At the phylum level, Firmicutes was identified as the largest phyla represented in pigs, but dietary L. delbrueckii only increased the abundance of Tenericutes at ZT16. At the genus level, 11/100 genera (i.e., Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, Leptotrichia, Pediococcus, Bifidobacte, Cellulosilyticum, Desulfomicrobium, Sharpea, Eubacterium, Propionivibrio, and Aerococcus) were markedly differentiated in L. delbrueckii-fed pigs and the effect was rhythmicity-dependent. Meanwhile, dietary L. delbrueckii affected six pathways of bacterial functions, such as membrane transport, metabolism of cofactors and vitamins, cell motility, the endocrine system, signaling molecules and interaction, and the nervous system. Cosinor analysis was conducted to test bacterial circadian rhythm in pigs, while no significant circadian rhythm in bacterial α-diversity and phyla composition was observed. Lactobacillus, Terrisporobacter, and Weissella exhibited significant rhythmic fluctuation in the control pigs, which was disturbed by probiotic exposure. In addition, dietary L. delbrueckii affected circadian rhythms in ileal Romboutsia, Erysipelatoclostridium, Cellulosilyticum, and Eubacterium abundances. Dietary L. delbrueckii affected both ileal bacterial composition and circadian rhythms, which might further regulate gut function and host metabolism in pigs.
摘要：
本试验旨在研究枸杞多糖（LBP）对阿司匹林（ASA）诱导小鼠肠道损伤的保护作用。选取24只7周龄的雄性昆明小鼠，适应性饲养7 d后随机分为对照组、阿司匹林组（ASA组）和枸杞多糖组（LBP组），每组8只。试验期12 d。试验期前6 d 对照组灌胃200 mg/kg生理盐水，ASA组和LBP组灌胃等量阿司匹林；试验期后6 d LBP组灌胃75 mg/kg枸杞多糖，对照组和ASA组灌胃等量生理盐水。结果显示，与对照组相比，ASA组的空肠绒毛高度（VH）显著降低（P＜0.05）和绒毛高度/隐窝深度（VH/CD）极显著降低（P＜0.01），回肠超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性极显著降低（P＜0.01），空肠和回肠丙二醛（MDA）含量极显著提高（P＜0.01），空肠白细胞介素-6（IL-6）含量具有提高的趋势（P＜0.10）。与ASA组相比，LBP组肾脏指数显著降低（P＜0.05），极显著提高空肠VH/CD、空肠和回肠的SOD活性（P＜0.01），极显著降低空肠和回肠MDA含量（P＜0.01）。综上所述，枸杞多糖可增强阿司匹林诱导小鼠损伤的空肠和回肠抗氧化能力，改善肠道形态结构，缓解小鼠肠道损伤。
关键词：
gut microbiome;pig;core gut microbes;gene catalog;germ-free mice
摘要：
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>
<jats:p>Domestic pigs (Sus scrofa) are the leading terrestrial animals used for meat production. The gut microbiota significantly affect host nutrition, metabolism, and immunity. Hence, characterization of the gut microbial structure and function will improve our understanding of gut microbial resources and the mechanisms underlying host–microbe interactions. Here, we investigated the gut microbiomes of seven pig breeds using metagenomics and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. We established an expanded gut microbial reference catalog comprising 17 020 160 genes and identified 4910 metagenome-assembled genomes. We also analyzed the gut resistome to provide an overview of the profiles of the antimicrobial resistance genes in pigs. By analyzing the relative abundances of microbes, we identified three core-predominant gut microbes (Phascolarctobacterium succinatutens, Prevotella copri, and Oscillibacter valericigenes) in pigs used in this study. Oral administration of the three core-predominant gut microbes significantly increased the organ indexes (including the heart, spleen, and thymus), but decreased the gastrointestinal lengths in germ-free mice. The three core microbes significantly enhanced intestinal epithelial barrier function and altered the intestinal mucosal morphology, as was evident from the increase in crypt depths in the duodenum and ileum. Furthermore, the three core microbes significantly affected several metabolic pathways (such as “steroid hormone biosynthesis,” “primary bile acid biosynthesis,” “phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis,” and “phenylalanine metabolism”) in germ-free mice. These findings provide a panoramic view of the pig gut microbiome and insights into the functional contributions of the core-predominant gut microbes to the host.</jats:p>
摘要：
Simple Summary: Ningxiang pigs are popular for their high meat quality and unique flavor, but they contain a low lean percentage. Long-term excessive intake of pork with high fat content and its products might be associated with dyslipidemia. Lactobacillus delbrueckii has been proven to regulate lipid metabolism and improve blood lipids in our previous studies; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effects of L. delbrueckii on gut microbiota and body lipid metabolism and found that L. delbrueckii regulated hepatic and tissular fat metabolism via gut microbiota modulation and fecal TBA excretion to reduce blood lipid levels in Ningxiang pigs. Lactobacillus delbrueckii intervention can regulate body lipid metabolism, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Our study investigated the effects of L. delbrueckii on serum lipid levels, tissular fat metabolism and deposition, bile acid metabolism, and gut microbiota in Ningxiang pigs. Ninety-six pigs were divided into two groups and fed basal diets containing either 0 (CON) or 0.1% L. delbrueckii (LD) for 60 days. Dietary L. delbrueckii promoted fecal total bile acid (TBA) excretion and increased hepatic enzyme activities related to cholesterol and bile synthesis but decreased hepatic and serum lipid concentrations. L. delbrueckii downregulated gene expression associated with fatty acid synthesis but upregulated gene expression related to lipolysis and beta-fatty acid oxidation in liver and subcutaneous fat. L. delbrueckii elevated gut Lactobacillus abundance and colonic short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria but declined the abundance of some pathogenic bacteria. These findings demonstrated that L. delbrueckii modulated intestinal microbiota composition and facilitated fecal TBA excretion to regulate hepatic fat metabolism, which resulted in less lipid deposition in the liver and reduced levels of serum lipids.
作者机构：
[Yin, Jie; Li, Yunxia; Tian, Yu; Zhou, Feng; Ma, Jie; Xia, Siting; Yang, Tong; Zeng, Qinghua; Liu, Gang; Yin, Yulong; Huang, Xingguo] College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha;410128, China;[Ma, Libao] College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan;430070, China;Hunan Chuweixiang Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd., Ningxiang
通讯机构：
[Yulong Yin; Xingguo Huang] C;College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
摘要：
The gut microbiota consistently shows strong correlations with lipid metabolism in humans and animals, and whether the gut microbiota contributes to muscle fatty acid (FA) deposition and meat traits in farm animals has not been fully resolved. In this study, we aimed to unveil the microbial mechanisms underlying muscle FA deposition in pigs. First, we systematically revealed the correlation between the gut microbiome and muscle FA levels in 43 obese Ningxiang pigs and 50 lean Duroc Landrace Yorkshire (DLY) pigs. Mutual fecal microbial transplantation showed that the obese Ningxiang pig-derived microbiota increased the muscle FA content and improved meat quality by reshaping the gut microbial composition in lean DLY pigs. Lactobacillus reuteri has been identified as a potential microbial biomarker in obese Ningxiang pig-derived microbiota-challenged DLY pigs. A gavage experiment using lean DLY pigs confirmed that L. reuteri XL0930 isolated from obese Ningxiang pigs was the causal species that increased the muscle FA content. Mechanistically, SLC22A5, a carnitine transporter, was downregulated in L. reuteri XL0930-fed DLY pigs, resulting in reduced muscle carnitine levels. Muscle and intestinal L-carnitine levels, which correlated with the muscle FA content, impeded fat synthesis and FA accumulation in invitro and invivo models. In conclusion, we uncovered an unexpected and important role of the obese Ningxiang pig-derived microbiota in regulating muscle FA metabolism via the SLC22A5-mediated carnitine system.
摘要：
Compared to that of bacteria, the role of gut fungi in obesity development remains unknown. Here, alterations in gut fungal biodiversity and composition were confirmed in obese pig models and high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Antifungal drugs improved diet-induced obesity, while fungal reconstruction by cohousing or fecal microbiota transplantation maintained the obese phenotype in HFD-fed mice. Fungal profiling identified 5 fungal species associated with obesity. Specifically, Ascomycota_sp. and Microascaceae_sp. were reduced in obese mice and negatively correlated with fat content. Oral supplementation with fungi was sufficient to prevent and treat diet-induced obesity. Clec7a, which is involved in fungal recognition, was highly expressed in HFD-fed mice. The Clec7a agonist accelerated diet-induced obesity, while Clec7a deficieny in mice resulted in resistance to diet-induced obesity and blocked the anti-obese effect of antifungal drugs and fungi. Taken together, these results indicate that gut fungi/Clec7a signaling is involved in diet-induced obesity and may have therapeutic implications as a biomarker for metabolic dysregulation in humans.
通讯机构：
[Jie Yin] A;Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
摘要：
Shaziling pig, a Chinese indigenous breed, has been classified as a fatty pig model. However, the gut microbial development and role in lipid metabolism in Shaziling pigs has been rarely reported. Here, we compared the lipid metabolic and microbial profiles at 30, 60, 90, 150, 210, and 300 d of age between Shaziling and Yorkshire pigs. Predictably, there were marked differences in the liver lipids (i.e., cholesterol, glucose, and low-density lipoprotein) and the lipid related expressions (i.e., SREBP1/2, LXR alpha/beta, DGAT1/2, and FABP1-3) between Shaziling and Yorkshire pigs. Bacteria sequencing in the ileal digesta and mucosa showed that Shaziling pigs had a higher alpha-diversity and higher abundances of probiotics, such as Lactobacillus johnsonii, Lactobacillus amylovorus, and Clostridium butyricum. Thirty-five differentiated metabolites were further identified in the mucosa between Shaziling and Yorkshire pigs, which were enriched in the carbohydrate, protein, glucose and amino acid metabolism and bile acid biosynthesis. Furthermore, 7 differentiated microbial species were markedly correlated with metabolites, indicating the role of gut microbiota in the host metabolism. Next, the role of differentiated L johnsonii in lipid metabolism was validated in Duroc x Landrace x Yorkshire (DLY) pigs and the results showed that L. johnsonii mono-colonization promoted lipid deposition and metabolism by altering gut microbiota (i.e., Megasphaera elsdenii and L. johnsonii) and DGAT1/DGAT2/CD36-PPAR gamma gene expressions. In conclusion, Shaziling pigs exhibited different metabolic and microbial profiles compared with Yorkshire pigs, which might have contributed to the diverse metabolic phenotypes, and the significant enrichment of L johnsonii in Shaziling pigs promoted lipid metabolism and obesity of DLY pigs, which provided a novel idea to improve the fat content of lean pigs. (C) 2022 Chinese Association of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co. Ltd.
作者机构：
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.;Hunan Jiuding Technology (Group) Co., Ltd., Changsha 410007, China;State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China;[Han, Qi; Huang, Xingguo; Yin, Jie] College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha 410128, China;[Xiao, Yingping] State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China<&wdkj&>Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
通讯机构：
[Yingping Xiao] S;[Fuyong Yan] A;Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>Hunan Jiuding Technology (Group) Co., Ltd., Changsha 410007, China<&wdkj&>State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China<&wdkj&>Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
摘要：
<jats:p>Gut microbiota and its metabolites play a key role in host metabolism. Our previous study found supplemental <jats:italic>Lactobacillus delbrueckii</jats:italic> affected lipid metabolism of pigs, however, the underlying mechanism is unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of <jats:italic>L. delbrueckii</jats:italic> on colonic bacteria composition and its metabolites, serum lipids and hormone levels, fat metabolism related enzyme activity and gene expression in various tissues of growing-finishing pigs. Twelve pigs were randomly distributed into two groups (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 6), and pigs in each group were fed diets with (Con + LD) or without (Con) 0.1 % <jats:italic>L. delbrueckii</jats:italic> for 28 days. Results exhibited the deceased triglyceride (TG) levels and elevated free fatty acid (FFA) contents in serum and increased concentrations of butyric acid in colonic digesta after <jats:italic>L. delbrueckii</jats:italic> supplementation. Dietary <jats:italic>L. delbrueckii</jats:italic> increased abundance of <jats:italic>Lactobacillus</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Butyrivibri</jats:italic> and tended to increase abundance of <jats:italic>Akkermansia and Megasphaera</jats:italic> in colonic digesta. <jats:italic>L. delbrueckii</jats:italic> consumption up-regulated glucagon-like peptide1 (<jats:italic>GLP-1</jats:italic>), monocarboxylate transporter1 (<jats:italic>MTC1)</jats:italic> and sodium-dependent monocarboxylate transporter1 (<jats:italic>SMCT1</jats:italic>) expression in colonic tissue. Administration of <jats:italic>L. delbrueckii</jats:italic> tended to increase lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity, up-regulated <jats:italic>CPT-1</jats:italic>, angiopoietin-like protein 4 (<jats:italic>Angpt14</jats:italic>), <jats:italic>LPL</jats:italic> and triglyceride hydrolase (<jats:italic>TGH</jats:italic>) expression and down-regulated fatty acid synthetase (<jats:italic>FAS</jats:italic>), G protein-coupled receptor 41(<jats:italic>GPR41</jats:italic>) and <jats:italic>GPR43</jats:italic> expression in the liver. <jats:italic>L. delbrueckii</jats:italic> addition increased adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (<jats:italic>AMPK</jats:italic>) expression in <jats:italic>longissimus dorsi</jats:italic>, upregulated <jats:italic>LPL, CPT-1, Angptl4</jats:italic> and cluster of differentiation 36 (<jats:italic>CD36</jats:italic>) expression in subcutaneous fat, and enhanced <jats:italic>LPL, CPT-1, TGH</jats:italic>, adipocyte determination and differentiation-dependent factor 1 (<jats:italic>ADD1</jats:italic>) and hormone sensitive lipase (<jats:italic>HSL</jats:italic>) expression in leaf lard. These findings suggested that <jats:italic>L. delbrueckii</jats:italic> might enhance lipolysis and fatty acid β-oxidation to lower serum TG levels via colonic microbiota modulation and short chain fatty acids-mediated lipid metabolism of growing-finishing pigs.</jats:p>
期刊：
Progress in Lipid Research,2022年88:101193 ISSN：0163-7827
通讯作者：
Kang Xu<&wdkj&>Jie Yin
作者机构：
[Li, Yunxia; Yin, Jie; Huang, Xingguo; Yin, Yulong] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Yang, Guan] City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Infect Dis & Publ Hlth, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.;[Xu, Kang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Subtrop Agr, Changsha 410125, Peoples R China.;[Brecchia, Gabriele] Univ Milan, Dept Vet Med, Via Univ, I-26900 Lodi, Italy.
通讯机构：
[Kang Xu] I;[Jie Yin] C;College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
摘要：
CD36, located on the cell membrane, transports fatty acids in response to dietary fat. It is a critical fatty acid sensor and regulator of lipid metabolism. The interaction between CD36 and lipid dysmetabolism and obesity has been identified in various models and human studies. Nevertheless, the mechanisms by which CD36 regulates lipid metabolism and the role of CD36 in metabolic diseases remain obscure. Here, we summarize the latest research on the role of membrane CD36 in fat metabolism, with emphasis on CD36-mediated fat sensing and transport. This review also critically discusses the factors affecting the regulation of CD36-mediated fat dysfunction. Finally, we review previous clinical evidence of CD36 in metabolic diseases and consider the path forward.
摘要：
Simple Summary Oxidative stress negatively affects maternal health and fetal development. Catalase (CAT) is an oxidoreductase enzyme that catalyzes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide into molecular oxygen and water, thereby protecting the cell from oxidative damage. This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of maternal CAT supplementation on reproductive performance, antioxidant enzyme activities, mineral transport, and the mRNA expression of related genes in sows and offspring. It was observed that giving dietary CAT supplementation to pregnant sows may decrease the intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) rate and contribute to improving the maternal and fetal antioxidant status, potentially by modulating the activities of selected antioxidant enzymes and mRNA expression of related genes, as well as the transport of some mineral elements in the pregnant sows and their piglets. This finding provides a reasonable foundation for focused intervention studies in the future and may also provide insight into important aspects of mother-infant nutrition in both animals and humans. This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of maternal catalase (CAT) supplementation on reproductive performance, antioxidant enzyme activities, mineral transport, and mRNA expression of related genes in sows and offspring. A total of 40 pregnant sows at 95 days of gestation with similar parity (3-5 parities) and back-fat thickness were assigned randomly and equally into the control (CON) group (fed a basal diet) and CAT group (fed a basal diet supplemented with 660 mg/kg CAT; CAT activity, 280 U/g). The reproductive performance was recorded, and the placenta and blood samples of sows and neonatal piglets, as well as the jejunum and ileum samples from neonatal boars (eight replicates per group), were collected. Results showed that dietary supplementation with CAT significantly decreased the intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) rate and increased the activity of serum CAT in neonatal piglets and umbilical cords (p < 0.05). In addition, CAT supplementation tended to improve total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) levels in the maternal serum (p = 0.089) and umbilical cords of piglets (p = 0.051). The serum calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) of farrowing sows and Mn concentration in the umbilical cord, and serum Ca, magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu), and Mn of neonatal piglets were significantly increased (p < 0.05) in the CAT group. CAT supplementation downregulated mRNA expression of TRPV6 and CTR1 (p < 0.05), Cu/Zn SOD (p = 0.086) in the placenta and tended to increase the mRNA expression of the glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) (p = 0.084), glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) (p = 0.063), and CAT (p = 0.052) genes in the ileum of piglets. These results showed that the maternal CAT supplementation improved fetal growth by decreasing the IUGR rate, and modulated antioxidant activity, as well as mineral elements in the pregnant sows and their piglets.
作者机构：
[Li, Chuang; Jiang, Guitao; Zhang, Xu; Dai, Qiuzhong; Liu, Yang; Huang, Xuan] Hunan Inst Anim & Vet Sci, Changsha 410131, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Yang; Huang, Xingguo] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Changsha 410128, Peoples R China.;[Lin, Qian] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Bast Fiber Crops, Changsha 410205, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Shengli] Shandong Lonct Enzymes Co Ltd, Linyi 276000, Shandong, Peoples R China.
关键词：
duck;lipopolysaccharide;intestinal condition
摘要：
The present study investigated the dosage and replication effects of lipopolysaccharide challenges on the serum oxidative and immune status, and the intestinal morphology and permeability of Linwu ducks at the growing stage. A total of 500 54-day-old Linwu ducks were randomly assigned into 10 treatments, which included a factorial arrangement of 2 levels of LPS challenge replications (1 and 2 times) x 5 levels of lipopolysaccharide challenging dosages (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 mg/kg). Each treatment consisted of 5 cages and 10 ducks per cage. The results showed significant replication effects of LPS on the body weight gain of ducks, that 2 replicates of LPS challenges significantly decreased the body weight gain than one challenge (P = 0.036). Regarding to the serum oxidative and immune status, dosage effects of lipopolysaccharide were found on the serum levels of superoxide dismutase (P = 0.034) and immunoglobulin A (P = 0.007), that 0.4 mg/kg lipopolysaccharides significantly increased the levels of these 2 parameters. Additionally, replication effects were found in the serum levels of interlukin 1 beta, that 2 replicates of LPS challenges significantly increased the interlukin 1b levels comparing to one challenge (P = 0.010). Regarding to the intestinal conditions, dosage effects of lipopolysaccharides were found on the ratio of villus height and crypt depth (P = 0.005) in duodenum, and the wall thickness of duodenum (P = 0.010) and jejunum (P = 0.001), that lipopolysaccharides at 0.1, 0.2, and 0.8 mg/kg significantly deteriorated the intestinal morphologies, especially in the duodenum and jejunum. Moreover, the dosage effects of lipopolysaccharides and the interactions of dosages and replications significantly influenced the permeabilities of the intestinal segments (P < 0.05). It appeared that 2 replicates of lipopolysaccharides at the dosage at 0.4 mg/kg could trigger oxidative and immunological stress, and damage the intestinal morphology and permeability of Linwu ducks at the growing stage.
