期刊：
Transboundary and Emerging Diseases,2018年65(3):632-637 ISSN：1865-1674
通讯作者：
Yu, X.
作者机构：
[Li, R.; Zhao, D.; Yu, X.; Hu, Y.; Yang, T.; Ge, M.; Yang, L.] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Du, L.; Li, J.] Hunan Inst Anim & Vet Sci, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Yu, X.] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Getah virus;outbreak;piglet
摘要：
A Getah virus (GETV) outbreak occurred in a swine farm in Hunan, China, between June and July 2017. Approximately 200 piglets died 5–10 days after birth, and more than 150 pregnant sows had stillbirths or foetal mummies in this outbreak. GETV HuN1, isolated from the cerebrum of an infected piglet, shared a close evolutionary relationship with the Kochi/01/2005 strain, isolated from pigs in Japan. GETV was detected in the cerebral cortices of a dead foetus and in various organs of two infected piglets, thereby demonstrating that GETV can be transmitted through the placenta to infected newborn piglets with multiple tissue tropisms. Seroepizootiologic investigation of GETV revealed that a wide infection of GETV had been persisting in the farm between June 1 and July 17. In conclusion, clinical and laboratory diagnostics of the diseased pigs in this outbreak were consistent with GETV being the causative agent. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first unequivocal report of GETV in pigs in China.
摘要：
Chlamydia abortus is an obligate intracellular Gram-negative bacteria, which can infect animals and human, including goats. However, little information on C. abortus infection is available in goats in Hunan province, subtropical China. To investigate the seroprevalence and risk factors of C. abortus infection in goats in Hunan province, China, a total of 911 goat blood samples were collected randomly from 14 herds having number of goats ranging from 1000 to 3000 from March 2014 to December 2015. Seropositive animals were found in 11 out of 14 (78.57%) goat herds with seroprevalence ranging from 0.00% to 29.94% in individual herds. Overall, the seroprevalence of C. abortus infection was different among regions (southern Hunan: 1.78%; northeast Hunan: 5.47%; and west Hunan: 15.29%), gender (male: 4.58% and female: 9.10%), seasons (spring: 5.97%; summer: 2.61%; autumn: 16.88%; and winter: 10.94%), and ages (year 1: 2.39%; 1 < year 2: 9.58%; 2 < year 3: 9.16%; and year >3: 17.57%). Risk factors for C. abortus infection were associated with region, season, and age in this study. To our knowledge, this is the first document to demonstrate the existence of C. abortus infection in goats, and the seroprevalence was 8.45% out of 911 goats in Hunan province.
摘要：
Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) has recently been isolated from diseased pigs within the USA. The objective was to detect the presence of PCV3 in dogs. Nested polymerase chain reactions (PCR) with PCV3-specific primers for the capsid gene were used to detect PCV3 genomic DNA in serum samples from dogs (n = 44) in China. There was PCV3 DNA detected in 4 of 44 dogs [all were negative for PCV2 and canine circovirus (CanineCV)]. Based on sequence analysis, positive sequences were grouped into PCV3 genotypes. However, these isolates had close evolutionary relationships with FoxCV (KP941114) and CanineCV (JQ821392). Further investigations of the epidemiology, evolutionary biology, and pathobiology of PCV3 to dogs are warranted.
通讯机构：
[Yu, Xinglong] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) has been widely prevailing in China since the first report in 2001, causing huge economic losses to the pig industry. In the present study, 674 samples were collected from 2006 to 2016 in Hunan province, and 62% were positive for PCV2. An increase was observed from 2006 to 2011 (72.1%-89.1%), and a decrease was observed from 2012 to 2016 (78.9%-36.8%). The prevalence of genotype PCV2a, PCV2b, and PCV2d was 0, 44.7% and 67%, respectively. During 2006-2007, PCV2b was the main genotype circulating in Hunan, while, in 2008, PCV2d became the predominant one. Coinfection with PCV2b and PCV2d was observed frequently, and the positive rates of coinfection ranged from 6.3% to 18.9% during 2006-2016. The complete genome was sequenced for 54 positive samples, and four were identified as PCV2b-1, 22 as PCV2b-2, four as PCV2d-1 and 24 as PCV2d-2, based on phylogenetic analysis of the complete genome and ORF2 region. Recombination analysis using the complete genome sequences of these isolates revealed a high recombination rate of 27.7% (17/54), and showed that recombination occurred mainly in the ORF1 region. This shows that the prevalence of PCV2 has clearly decreased in recent years and that PCV2d has become a predominant genotype since 2008. In addition, frequent recombination events were observed in the PCV2 isolates from Hunan, China.
摘要：
Porcine teschoviruses (PTVs) have been shown to be widely distributed in pig populations. In this study, 261 faecal and 91 intestinal content samples collected from pigs at 29 farms in Hunan, China, were tested for the presence of PTV by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). An overall PTV-positivity rate of 19.03% was detected by RT-PCR, and a high PTV infection rate was circulating in asymptomatic fattening and nursery pigs. In total, 40 PTV isolates (PTV-HuNs) were obtained. Alignment of their coding sequences with those of other known PTVs revealed that the genomic sequence of the polyprotein contains 6,606–6,621 nucleotides, encoding a 2,202–2,207-amino acid sequence. Phylogenetic analyses based on the VP1 gene and capsid protein gene exhibited 13 main lineages corresponding to PTV serotypes 1–13, and seven PTV serotypes (PTV 2–6, 9, and 11) were identified in the isolates obtained in our study; this is the first report of PTV 5, 9 and 11 in China. Recombination analysis among the PTV-HuNs indicated that nine recombination events have occurred, including both inter- and intraserotype events. In addition, results demonstrated that only limited positive selection is acting on the global population of PTV isolates, and purifying selection is predominant. In conclusion, this study revealed a high infection rate of PTVs circulating in asymptomatic fattening and nursery pigs. The 40 PTV-HuNs showed high genetic diversity, and genetic analysis of all available PTV sequences revealed that strong purifying selection and recombination play important roles in the genetic diversity and evolution of the virus.
作者机构：
[Zheng, Wen-Bin; Chen, Jia; Zhu, Xing-Quan] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Lanzhou Vet Res Inst, State Key Lab Vet Etiol Biol, 1 Xujiaping, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, Peoples R China.;[Chen, Jia] Ningbo Univ, Sch Med, Ningbo, Zhejiang, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Quan] Acad Mil Med Sci, Mil Vet Inst, Key Lab Jilin Prov Zoonosis Prevent & Control, Changchun, Jilin, Peoples R China.;[Zheng, Wen-Bin; Zhu, Xing-Quan; Liu, Guo-Hua] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Hong, Sung-Jong] Chung Ang Univ, Coll Med, Dept Med Environm Biol, Seoul, South Korea.
通讯机构：
[Zhu, Xing-Quan] C;[Elsheikha, Hany M.] U;Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Lanzhou Vet Res Inst, State Key Lab Vet Etiol Biol, 1 Xujiaping, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, Peoples R China.;Univ Nottingham, Fac Med & Hlth Sci, Sch Vet Med & Sci, Loughborough, Leics, England.
作者机构：
[Tian, Shi-Jie; Sun, Zhi-Liang; Zeng, Jian-Guo; Liu, Zhao-Ying; Cheng, Pi; Huang, Ya-Jun] Hunan Agr Univ, Vet Herbal Med Resources & Initiat, Natl & Local Union Engn Res Ctr, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Sun, Zhi-Liang; Liu, Zhao-Ying; Zhang, Zhuo-Yi; Huang, Ya-Jun] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Hunan Engn Res Ctr ofVeterinary Drug, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Zeng, Jian-Guo; Liu, Zhao-Ying] Hunan Agr Univ, Hunan Key Lab Tradit Chinese Vet Med, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Liu, Zhao-Ying] H;Hunan Agr Univ, Vet Herbal Med Resources & Initiat, Natl & Local Union Engn Res Ctr, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Hunan Engn Res Ctr ofVeterinary Drug, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;Hunan Agr Univ, Hunan Key Lab Tradit Chinese Vet Med, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.
摘要：
In this study, the biotransformation in the plasma, urine and feces of rats following oral administration of protopine (PRO) and allocryptopine (ALL)were explored using HPLC-QqTOF MS. An HPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of tissues was developed and applied to the tissue distribution study in rats following intragastric administration of Plume Poppy Total Alkaloid for 3 weeks. A total of ten PRO metabolites and ten ALL metabolites were characterized in rats in vivo. Among these metabolites, six PRO metabolites and five ALL metabolites were reported for the first time. The predicated metabolic pathways including ring cleavage, demethylation following ring cleavage, and glucuronidation were proposed. The low-concentration residue of PRO and ALL in various tissues was detected at 24 h and 48 h after dosing, which indicated that both compounds could be widely distributed in tissues and exist as low levels of residue. The activities of erythromycin N-demethylase, aminopyrine N-demethylase and NAD (P)H quinone oxidoreductase in female rats can be induced post-dose, but these activities were inhibited in male rats. The proposed biotransformation and residues of PRO and ALL and their effects on enzymes may provide a basis for clarifying the metabolism and interpreting pharmacokinetics.
摘要：
Targeted integration of exogenous genes into so-called safe harbors/friend sites, offers the advantages of expressing normal levels of target genes and preventing potentially adverse effects on endogenous genes. However, the ideal genomic loci for this purpose remain limited. Additionally, due to the inherent and unresolved issues with the current genome editing tools, traditional embryonic stem (ES) cell-based targeted transgenesis technology is still preferred in practical applications. Here, we report that a high and repeatable homologous recombination (HR) frequency (>95%) is achieved when an approximate 6kb DNA sequence flanking the MYH9 gene exon 2 site is used to create the homology arms for the knockout/knock-in of diverse nonmuscle myosin II (NM II) isoforms in mouse ES cells. The easily obtained ES clones greatly facilitated the generation of multiple NM II genetic replacement mouse models, as characterized previously. Further investigation demonstrated that though the targeted integration site for exogenous genes is shifted to MYH9 intron 2 (about 500bp downstream exon 2), the high HR efficiency and the endogenous MYH9 gene integrity are not only preserved, but the expected expression of the inserted gene(s) is observed in a pre-designed set of experiments conducted in mouse ES cells. Importantly, we confirmed that the expression and normal function of the endogenous MYH9 gene is not affected by the insertion of the exogenous gene in these cases. Therefore, these findings suggest that like the commonly used ROSA26 site, the MYH9 gene locus may be considered a new safe harbor for high-efficiency targeted transgenesis and for biomedical applications.
摘要：
The ability of liver to respond to changes in nutrient availability is essential for the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis. Autophagy encompasses mechanisms of cell survival, including capturing, degrading, and recycling of intracellular proteins and organelles in lysosomes. During negative nutrient status, autophagy provides substrates to sustain cellular metabolism and hence, tissue function. Severe negative energy balance in dairy cows is associated with fatty liver. The aim of this study was to investigate the hepatic autophagy status in dairy cows with severe fatty liver and to deter- mine associations with biomarkers of liver function and inflammation. Liver and blood samples were collected from multiparous cows diagnosed as clinically healthy (n = 15) or with severe fatty liver (n = 15) at 3 to 9 d in milk. Liver tissue was biopsied by needle puncture, and serum samples were collected on 3 consecutive days via jugular venipuncture. Concentrations of free fatty acids and beta-hydroxybutyrate were greater in cows with severe fatty liver. Milk production, dry matter intake, and concentration of glucose were all lower in cows with severe fatty liver. Activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, glutamate dehydrogenase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase were all greater in cows with severe fatty liver. Serum concentrations of haptoglobin and serum amyloid A were also markedly greater in cows with severe fatty liver. The mRNA expression of autophagosome formation-related gene ULK1 was lower in the liver of dairy cows with severe fatty liver. However, the expression of other autophagosome formation-related genes, beclin 1 (BECN1), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 (P1K3C3), autophagy-related gene (ATG) 3, ATG5, and ATG12, did not differ. More important, ubiquitinated proteins, protein expression of sequestosome-1 (SQSTM1, also called p62), and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (MAP1LC3, also called LC3)-II was greater in cows with severe fatty liver. Transmission electron microscopy revealed an increased number of autophagosomes in the liver of dairy cows with severe fatty liver. Taken together, these results indicate that excessive lipid infiltration of the liver impairs autophagic activity that may lead to cellular damage and inflammation.
摘要：
Studies have shown that sFlt-1 overproduction stimulated by excess VEGF of deciduous origin in trophoblasts can cause preeclampsia. However, the mechanism underlying how VEGF regulates sFtl-1 expression in trophoblasts remains unknown. To address this issue, JEG3 and HTR-8/SV neo (HTR8) trophoblast cell lines were used to investigate the signaling pathways involved in the regulation of sFlt-1 production via VEGF overexpression in vitro. JEG3 (VEGF-GFP-JEG3, V-J) and HTR8 (VEGF-GFP-HTR8, V-H) cells overexpressing VEGF165 were established by infecting the JEG3 and HTR8 cell lines with lentivirus expressing VEGF165. Both the mRNA and protein levels of VEGF and sFlt-1 were dramatically up-regulated in the V-J and V-H cells compared to the JEG3 and HTR8 cells, and they were significantly decreased after treatment with an Flt-1 receptor inhibitor (MK-2461), a KDR receptor inhibitor (XL-184), or an Flt-1 and KDR receptor inhibitor (ABT-869). The mRNA levels of sFlt-1, Flt-1, and KDR were increased in V-H cells after treatment, and the VEGF-A mRNA levels were also elevated. The migration and invasion abilities of JEG3 and HTR8 cells were decreased after VEGF overexpression, and this reduction could be reversed with VEGF receptor inhibitor treatment. In addition, after the different treatments, the cell migration rates of V-J cells were significantly increased compared with the control treatment. Taken together, these results indicate that sFlt-1 up-regulation by VEGF may be mediated by the VEGF/Flt-1 and/or VEGF/KDR signaling pathways. However, elucidating which pathway plays this key role requires further investigation.
