期刊：
International Journal of Animal Science and Technology,2021年5(1):7-12 ISSN：2640-1282
作者机构：
[Li Xin Wen] College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China;[Yongsheng Wang; Jie Li; Bo Wang] Animal Nutrition Center of Nutrition & Health Research Institute, China Oil & Foodstuffs Corporation, Beijing, China;[Aike Li] Institute of Grain Quality and Nutrition, Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing, China;[Yuting Zhang; Junling Geng] Beijing Engineering Research Center of Livestock Products Quality and Safety Source Control, Beijing, China
关键词：
Tannin;Near-infrared Spectroscopy;Sorghum
摘要：
This study was conducted to investigate the feasibility of determining tannin content in sorghum grains with near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS). A total of 110 sorghum grain samples were collected. The data matrix of the pretreated NIRS was randomly divided into a calibration set (Nc=77 samples) and a prediction set (Np=33 samples). The analysis of tannin content was based on the colorimetric method of GBT 15686-2008. Diffuse reflectance spectra of 110 sorghum samples were generated on a Fourier-transform NIRS with a scanning range of 12800-4000 cm-1 and resolution of 16 cm-1 and 64 scans. Several spectra pretreatment methods were compared to for an optimum spectral pretreatment method. The optimal model was determined according to coefficient of determination for calibration (R2CAL), root mean standard error of calibration (RMSECAL), coefficient of determination for cross-validation (R2CV), root mean standard error of cross-validation (RMSECV) and the residual predictive deviation (RPD). The results showed that the tannin content of the sorghum grains ranged from 0.01% to 2.12% DM with the average of 0.58%, and first derivative was the optimal spectral pretreatment with the lowest RMSECV of 0.14. The absorption peaks of the optimal model mainly located at 9402-7492 cm-1 and 5452-4244 cm-1. The RPD of calibration, cross-validation and external validation were 6.22, 4.22 and 3.0, respectively. The findings suggest that the established model using NIRS is effective to quantify tannin content in sorghum grains rapidly.
通讯机构：
[Kehe Huang] C;College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China<&wdkj&>Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China<&wdkj&>MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
关键词：
Deoxynivalenol;IPEC-J2 cell;Inflammation;NF-κB signal pathway;Phenethyl isothiocyanate
摘要：
The intestinal tract is a target for the deoxynivalenol (DON), which has adverse effects in animals and humans' health by affecting intestinal functions. Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) is an important degradation product of glucosinolates (GSLs), belonging to an anti-nutritional factor that affects the digestion and absorption of nutrients in the animals' intestinal. However, little attention has been paid to the interaction and its mechanism between DON and PEITC. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the effects of PEITC on DON-induced cytotoxicity and inflammation, and explore the potential mechanisms in IPEC-J2 cells. Our results showed that DON exposure could decrease the cell viability and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in IPEC-J2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. PEITC treatment at the concentrations of 1.25-5 mu M had no significant effect on IPECJ2 cells viability, but above 10 mu M of PEITC treatment significantly reduced the cell viability. Interestingly, 1.25-5 mu M of PEITC treatment could suppress 4 mu M of DON-induced decrease in cell viability and increase in proinflammatory cytokine expression. Meanwhile, the protein ratios of p-p65/p-65 and p-I kappa B alpha/I kappa B alpha were markedly decreased in the groups treated with 1.25-5 mu M PEITC compared to DON exposure alone. However, the protective effects of PEITC treatment were significantly blocked after pre-treatment with LPS, NF-kappa B activator, in IPEC-J2 cells. In conclusion, these findings indicated that the nontoxic dose of PEITC could alleviate DONinduced cytotoxicity and inflammation responses via suppressing the NF-kappa B signaling pathway in IPEC-J2 cells. Our results provide a new theoretical basis for the rational addition of rapeseed meal in animal feedstuff.
作者机构：
Laboratory of Animal Clinical Toxicology, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China;Orient Science and Technology College of Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China;Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, China;Changsha Lvye Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Changsha, China;[Sisi Yan; Xin Li; Haisi Xiao; Linyu Zhang; Yingfang Zhou; Lixin Wen; Ji Wang] 湖南农业大学
关键词：
Soybean oil;Lard;Oxidative damage;Liver function;Kidney function
摘要：
A simulate daily oriental dietary pattern (a blend of lard and soybean oil) was performed in this research to investigate influence on liver and kidney function. Sixty mice were randomly divided into 6 groups with diets of different fat added oils respectively for 12 weeks. Malondialdehyde and uric acid contents in mice fed with blended oil were significantly lower than in those fed only with soybean oil and lard due to the improved ac-tivities of antioxidant enzymes. Daily use of a blend of lard with soybean oil significantly increased antioxidant capacity, reduced lipid peroxidation of liver and serum uric acid production, thus protected liver and renal function. It also suggests that the oriental dietary pattern might reduce the risk of gout.
作者机构：
[Yan S.; Lixin Wen; Zhang L.; Zeng Y.; Liu S.; Liu X.; Zhou H.; Wang J.] Laboratory of Animal Clinical Toxicology, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China;Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, China;[Wen L.] Laboratory of Animal Clinical Toxicology, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, China
通讯机构：
[Lixin Wen; Ji Wang] L;Laboratory of Animal Clinical Toxicology, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, China<&wdkj&>Laboratory of Animal Clinical Toxicology, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
摘要：
T-2 toxin is one of the most toxic type A trichothecene mycotoxins in nature, and it exhibits reproductive toxicity. Betulinic acid (BA) is a natural pentacyclic triterpene compound found in species of Betula, and it has been reported to have antioxidant activity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of BA on T-2-toxin-induced testicular injury in mice and explore its molecular mechanism. Sixty adult male mice were randomly divided into groups. The mice were pretreated orally with BA (0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/kg) daily for 14 days, and the T-2 toxin (4 mg/kg body weight) was administered via intraperitoneal injection to induce oxidative stress after the last administration of BA. BA pretreatment significantly increased the secreted levels of testosterone and sperm motility. Moreover, BA pretreatment significantly increased the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), the activity of SOD and CAT, and the content of GSH, and it reduced the content of MDA. Furthermore, BA relieved testicular injury and reduced the number of apoptotic cells, and it significantly decreased the protein expression of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3), caspsae-3, and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax). BA also increased the expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2). We suggest that BA reduced the oxidative damage induced by T-2 toxin, and that these protective effects may be partially mediated by the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.
摘要：
Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) is one of the glucosinolates (GLs) present in cruciferous vegetables. Although there are many reports of livestock and poultry poisoning caused by plants containing GLs, the actual dosage that causes poisoning and the characteristics of GLs and their metabolites are unclear. Herein, we investigated the inhibitory effects of PEITC on IPEC-J2 cells and examined the mechanisms of PEITC-induced apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway. Cell viability was determined by the MTT assay, and the levels of reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial membrane potential (Psi), intracellular Ca(2+) concentration, and cell apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. IPEC-J2 cells were collected to assess the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, as well as the contents of glutathione, malondialdehyde, H2O2, ATP, and lactate dehydrogenase, using biochemical methods. The levels of cytochrome c, Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3, caspase-9, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-1, p53, CDC25C, and cyclin A2 were analyzed by western blotting. We found that PEITC effectively inhibited the growth of IPEC-J2 cells, causing apoptosis. PEITC suppressed the level of mitochondrial membrane potential; released cytochrome c from the mitochondria to the cytoplasm; reduced ATP levels; inhibited Bcl-2 expression; increased Bax expression; and activated caspase-9, caspase-3, and PARP-1, leading to apoptosis. PEITC also induced G2/M and S phase arrest by affecting cell cycle-associated proteins such as p53, CDC25C, and cyclin A2. We conclude that PEITC causes oxidative stress, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis in IPEC-J2 cells via a mitochondrial-dependent Bax/Bcl-2 pathway.
摘要：
Gamma-oryzanol (Orz), a mixture of ferulic acid esters of plant sterols and triterpene alcohols, has been proven to possess multiple activities. The purpose of this study was to explore the hepatoprotective effects and potential mechanisms of Orz against ethanol-induced liver injury in mice. Orz pretreatment significantly reduced the serum levels of ALP, ALT, AST and CYP2E1, and increased the TP and GLB levels in the ethanol-challenged mice. Orz increased the activities of CAT, SOD, GSH-PX and the GSH content in the liver, while decreased hepatic steatosis in ethanol-induced liver injure. Furthermore, Orz significantly decreased the protein expression of ASK1, JNK, P38, active-caspase-9 and active-caspase-3, and the protein ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 in livers of ethanol-challenged mice. These results suggest that Orz provides protection against ethanol-induced liver injury which might be due to its alleviation of oxidative stress and inhibition of apoptosis, possibly inhibiting MAPK signaling pathways mediated mitochondrial signaling pathway activation.
摘要：
Dexamethasone (Dex), a potent anti-inflammatory/immunosuppressive agent, has been shown to induce oxidative stress. Betulinic acid (BA) is a pentacyclic lupane triterpene with a potent antioxidant activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the ameliorative effect and underlying mechanisms of BA on Dex-induced oxidative damage. Mice were pretreated with BA orally (0, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/kg) daily for 14 days, and then a single dose of Dex (25 mg/kg body weight) was administered intraperitoneally 8 h after the last administration of BA to induce oxidative stress. BA pretreatment significantly alleviated Dex-induced changes of blood biochemical indices, increased the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and the ability of inhibiting hydroxyl radical (AIHR), reduced the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum. Moreover, BA pretreatment enhanced the T-AOC, AIHR and the activity of peroxidase (POD) in liver, spleen and thymus. Concomitant with these biochemical parameters, BA pretreatment significantly reduced gene and protein expressions of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (P38 MAPK) in the lymphatic organs of Dex-treated mice. BA was found to effectively attenuate Dex-induced oxidative damage. These protective effects may be mediated in part through the JNK-P38 MAPK signaling transduction pathway and BA may be a potential therapeutic agent due to its anti-oxidative properties.
