期刊：
International Journal of Animal Science and Technology,2021年5(1):7-12 ISSN：2640-1282
作者机构：
[Li Xin Wen] College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China;[Yongsheng Wang; Jie Li; Bo Wang] Animal Nutrition Center of Nutrition & Health Research Institute, China Oil & Foodstuffs Corporation, Beijing, China;[Aike Li] Institute of Grain Quality and Nutrition, Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing, China;[Yuting Zhang; Junling Geng] Beijing Engineering Research Center of Livestock Products Quality and Safety Source Control, Beijing, China
关键词：
Tannin;Near-infrared Spectroscopy;Sorghum
摘要：
This study was conducted to investigate the feasibility of determining tannin content in sorghum grains with near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS). A total of 110 sorghum grain samples were collected. The data matrix of the pretreated NIRS was randomly divided into a calibration set (Nc=77 samples) and a prediction set (Np=33 samples). The analysis of tannin content was based on the colorimetric method of GBT 15686-2008. Diffuse reflectance spectra of 110 sorghum samples were generated on a Fourier-transform NIRS with a scanning range of 12800-4000 cm-1 and resolution of 16 cm-1 and 64 scans. Several spectra pretreatment methods were compared to for an optimum spectral pretreatment method. The optimal model was determined according to coefficient of determination for calibration (R2CAL), root mean standard error of calibration (RMSECAL), coefficient of determination for cross-validation (R2CV), root mean standard error of cross-validation (RMSECV) and the residual predictive deviation (RPD). The results showed that the tannin content of the sorghum grains ranged from 0.01% to 2.12% DM with the average of 0.58%, and first derivative was the optimal spectral pretreatment with the lowest RMSECV of 0.14. The absorption peaks of the optimal model mainly located at 9402-7492 cm-1 and 5452-4244 cm-1. The RPD of calibration, cross-validation and external validation were 6.22, 4.22 and 3.0, respectively. The findings suggest that the established model using NIRS is effective to quantify tannin content in sorghum grains rapidly.
通讯机构：
[Kehe Huang] C;College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China<&wdkj&>Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China<&wdkj&>MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
关键词：
Deoxynivalenol;IPEC-J2 cell;Inflammation;NF-κB signal pathway;Phenethyl isothiocyanate
摘要：
The intestinal tract is a target for the deoxynivalenol (DON), which has adverse effects in animals and humans' health by affecting intestinal functions. Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) is an important degradation product of glucosinolates (GSLs), belonging to an anti-nutritional factor that affects the digestion and absorption of nutrients in the animals' intestinal. However, little attention has been paid to the interaction and its mechanism between DON and PEITC. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the effects of PEITC on DON-induced cytotoxicity and inflammation, and explore the potential mechanisms in IPEC-J2 cells. Our results showed that DON exposure could decrease the cell viability and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in IPEC-J2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. PEITC treatment at the concentrations of 1.25-5 mu M had no significant effect on IPECJ2 cells viability, but above 10 mu M of PEITC treatment significantly reduced the cell viability. Interestingly, 1.25-5 mu M of PEITC treatment could suppress 4 mu M of DON-induced decrease in cell viability and increase in proinflammatory cytokine expression. Meanwhile, the protein ratios of p-p65/p-65 and p-I kappa B alpha/I kappa B alpha were markedly decreased in the groups treated with 1.25-5 mu M PEITC compared to DON exposure alone. However, the protective effects of PEITC treatment were significantly blocked after pre-treatment with LPS, NF-kappa B activator, in IPEC-J2 cells. In conclusion, these findings indicated that the nontoxic dose of PEITC could alleviate DONinduced cytotoxicity and inflammation responses via suppressing the NF-kappa B signaling pathway in IPEC-J2 cells. Our results provide a new theoretical basis for the rational addition of rapeseed meal in animal feedstuff.
作者机构：
Laboratory of Animal Clinical Toxicology, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China;Orient Science and Technology College of Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China;Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, China;Changsha Lvye Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Changsha, China;[Sisi Yan; Xin Li; Haisi Xiao; Linyu Zhang; Yingfang Zhou; Lixin Wen; Ji Wang] 湖南农业大学
关键词：
Soybean oil;Lard;Oxidative damage;Liver function;Kidney function
摘要：
A simulate daily oriental dietary pattern (a blend of lard and soybean oil) was performed in this research to investigate influence on liver and kidney function. Sixty mice were randomly divided into 6 groups with diets of different fat added oils respectively for 12 weeks. Malondialdehyde and uric acid contents in mice fed with blended oil were significantly lower than in those fed only with soybean oil and lard due to the improved ac-tivities of antioxidant enzymes. Daily use of a blend of lard with soybean oil significantly increased antioxidant capacity, reduced lipid peroxidation of liver and serum uric acid production, thus protected liver and renal function. It also suggests that the oriental dietary pattern might reduce the risk of gout.
摘要：
The traditional Chinese diet blends lard with vegetable oil, keeping the fatty acid balance intake ratio of saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids at nearly 1:1:1. However, the effects of a mixture of lard and vegetable oil on lipid metabolism have never been researched. In the present study, by simulating Chinese high-fat dietary habits, we explored the effects of a mixture of lard and vegetable oil on lipid metabolism. We randomly assigned 50 male C57BL/6 J mice to 5 groups (10 in each group) and fed them lard, sunflower oil (SFO), soybean oil (SBO), lard blended with sunflower oil (L-SFO), or lard blended with soybean oil (L-SBO) for 12 weeks. We found that the final body weights of mice in the lard group were significantly higher than those of mice in the SFO and SBO groups. Body fat rate and volume of fat cell of the lard group were significantly higher than those of the SFO, SBO, and L-SBO groups. Liver triglyceride level of the lard group increased significantly compared to the other groups. Although body fat rate and liver triglyceride level in the SBO and SFO groups decreased compared to those in the other groups, the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol/low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio were also significantly decreased in the SBO and SFO groups. We found that a lard diet induced accumulation of body fat, liver and serum lipids, which can increase the risk of obesity, non-alcoholic fatty acid liver disease, and atherosclerosis. The vegetable oil diet resulted in cholesterol metabolism disorders even though it did not lead to obesity. The mixed oil diet induced body fat accumulation, but did not cause lipid accumulation in the liver and serum. Thus, differential oil/fat diets have an impact on differential aspects in mouse lipid metabolism.
作者机构：
[Sisi Yan; Xin Li; Linyu Zhang; Yu Zeng; Shuiping Liu; Xiangyan Liu; Huijuan Zhou; Ji Wang] Laboratory of Animal Clinical Toxicology, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China;Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, China;[Lixin Wen] Laboratory of Animal Clinical Toxicology, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, China
通讯机构：
[Lixin Wen; Ji Wang] L;Laboratory of Animal Clinical Toxicology, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, China<&wdkj&>Laboratory of Animal Clinical Toxicology, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
摘要：
Lard, a fat rich in saturated fatty acids (SFAs), is regarded as a risk factor for metabolic diseases. In the present study, effect of different lard blended with sunflower oil diets on lipid accumulation in adipose tissue, liver, and serum by mouse model was researched. Body weight, body fat percentage, cross-sectional area of adipocytes, liver triglycerides (TGs), and oil red stained area in mice liver of lard blend sunflower oil (L-SFO) group were significantly lower than those of sunflower oil (SFO) group, whereas no significant differences were observed between mice of lard and L-SFO groups. Serum TG and free fatty acid levels were significantly lower in L-SFO group than in other two groups. Furthermore, data showed that sunflower oil decreased contents of hormone-sensitive lipase and carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (CPT-1) and increased fatty acid synthase activity in liver tissue. A mixture of lard and sunflower oil rather than only sunflower oil or lard might promote body fat loss and reduce lipid accumulation in adipose tissue, serum, and liver by promoting hydrolysis of TG, increasing β-oxidation of fatty acids. These data suggested that mixing lard and vegetable oil (e.g. sunflower oil) for cooking, or alternate using lard and vegetable oil could be beneficial for reducing body fat.
摘要：
Gamma-oryzanol (Orz), a mixture of ferulic acid esters of plant sterols and triterpene alcohols, has been proven to possess multiple activities. The purpose of this study was to explore the hepatoprotective effects and potential mechanisms of Orz against ethanol-induced liver injury in mice. Orz pretreatment significantly reduced the serum levels of ALP, ALT, AST and CYP2E1, and increased the TP and GLB levels in the ethanol-challenged mice. Orz increased the activities of CAT, SOD, GSH-PX and the GSH content in the liver, while decreased hepatic steatosis in ethanol-induced liver injure. Furthermore, Orz significantly decreased the protein expression of ASK1, JNK, P38, active-caspase-9 and active-caspase-3, and the protein ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 in livers of ethanol-challenged mice. These results suggest that Orz provides protection against ethanol-induced liver injury which might be due to its alleviation of oxidative stress and inhibition of apoptosis, possibly inhibiting MAPK signaling pathways mediated mitochondrial signaling pathway activation.
