通讯机构：
[Shen, Q.W.] C;[Li, F.] I;College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan, China;Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Hunan, China
关键词：
Low protein diet;Glycine;Metabolomics;Growing-finishing pigs;Meat Eating Quality
摘要：
For the purpose to improve meat quality, pigs were fed a normal diet (ND), a low protein diet (LPD) and a LPD supplemented with glycine (LPDG). Chemical and metabolomic analyses showed that LPD increased IMF deposition and the activities of GPa and PK, but decreased glycogen content, the activities of CS and CcO, and the abundance of acetyl-CoA, tyrosine and its metabolites in muscle. LPDG promoted muscle fiber transition from type II to type I, increased the synthesis of multiple nonessential amino acids, and pantothenic acid in muscle, which should contributed to the improved meat quality and growth rate. This study provides some new insight into the mechanism of diet induced alteration of animal growth performance and meat quality. In addition, the study shows that dietary supplementation of glycine to LPD could be used to improved meat quality without impairment of animal growth.
通讯机构：
[Qingwu Shen] S;School of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China<&wdkj&>Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
摘要：
N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) is a specific factor in red meat that induces intestinal disease. Our aim was to investigate the effect of Neu5Gc on the intestinal barrier as well as its mechanism of endocytosis and exocytosis. Ten specific inhibitors were used to explore the mechanism of Neu5Gc endocytosis and exocytosis by Caco-2 cells. Amiloride hydrochloride and cytochalasin D had the strongest inhibitory effect on the endocytosis of Neu5Gc. Sodium azide, dynasore, chlorpromazine hydrochloride, and nystatin also inhibited Neu5Gc endocytosis. Dynasore exhibited a stronger inhibitory effect than that of chlorpromazine hydrochloride or nystatin alone. Exocytosis inhibitors, including nocodazole, brefeldin A, monensin, and bafilomycin A, inhibited the transmembrane transport of Neu5Gc. Monensin promoted the exocytosis of Neu5Gc from Caco-2 cells. In another experiment, we observed no significant inhibitory effects of monensin and brefeldin A. Dietary concentrations of Neu5Gc induced prominent damage to intestinal tight junction proteins zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), occludin, and claudin-1 and promoted the phosphorylation of I kappa B-alpha and P65 to activate the canonical Nuclear Factor kappa-B (NF-kappa B) pathway. Neu5Gc increased the RNA levels of pro-inflammatory factors IL-1 beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha and inhibited those of anti-inflammatory factors TGF-beta and IL-10. BAY, an NF-kappa B signaling pathway inhibitor, attenuated these changes. Reductions in the levels of ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-1 were recovered in response to BAY. Our data reveal the endocytosis and exocytosis mechanism of Neu5Gc and prove that Neu5Gc can activate the canonical NF-kappa B signaling pathway, regulate the transcription of inflammatory factors, thereby damaging intestinal barrier function.
摘要：
Canned bamboo shoots in clear water could produce a unique flavor through bacterial diversity via the fermentation process. Weissella, Streptococcus, Leuconostoc, Acinetobacter, Lactococcus and Lactobacillus were the main microorganisms. Tyrosine was the most abundant free amino acid (FAA), which had a negative correlation with Lactococcus. Ten kinds of flavor substances, such as 3-methyl-1-butanol, acetic acid, 2-phenylethyl ester, benzene acetaldehyde, benzoic acid and ethyl ester, were important influential factors in the flavor of fermented bamboo shoots. Through the verification test of tyrosine and phenylalanine decarboxylase, it was found that Lactococcus lactis TJJ2 could decompose tyrosine and phenylalanine to produce benzaldehyde and benzene acetaldehyde, which provided the fermented bamboo shoots with a grassy aroma.
关键词：
ursolic acid emulsion;bile salt concentration;in vitro simulated digestion
摘要：
Exploring the effect of bile salts on the properties of emulsion carriers containing hydrophobic bioactive compounds is particularly critical to understanding the stability and bioavailability of these hydrophobic bioactive compounds in the digestive process. In this study, the effects of bile salts on the stability and digestive characteristics of the ursolic acid (UA) self-stabilized water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion were investigated via static and dynamic (with or without enzyme) in vitro simulated digestive systems. The results showed that under the static system, the basic conditions had less interference, while the bile salts had a significant effect on the appearance and microstructure of the emulsion. The primary mechanism of emulsion instability is hydrophobic binding and depletion flocculation. Under the dynamic condition, it was found that the low concentrations of bile salts can promote the release amount and the rate of free fatty acids via displacement, while high concentrations of bile salts inhibit the decomposition of lipid, which may be related to the secondary coverage formed at the interface by the bile salts. These findings provide a theoretical basis for understanding the digestive behavior of the UA emulsion and its interaction with bile salts, which are conducive to developing and designing new emulsions to improve the bioaccessibility of UA.
摘要：
Hypsizygus marmoreus (H. marmoreus) spoilage caused by Trichoderma harzianum (T. harzianum) results in significant financial losses, and the natural preservatives are being sought after to replace synthetic preservatives. To determine the antifungal activity of cinnamic acid (CA) against T. harzianum and clarify the induced disease resistance mechanism of H. marmoreus to T. harzianum, the CA (0.113 mg mL-1)-protocatechuic acid (0.121 mg mL- 1)-CaCl2 (0.83%)-NaCl (0.65%)-pullulan (0.35%) composite preservative (CACP) at the spray rate of 13:1 was used to coating on H. marmoreus and storage at 4 & PLUSMN; 1 degrees C. Results showed that the inhibition rate (CA 3.00 mg mL-1), EC50 of mycelium growth and spore germination inhibition rate of CA to T. harzianum were 82.10%, 2.641 mg mL-1 and 0.128 mg mL-1, respectively. CACP treatment significantly reduced the rot rate and incidence of H. marmoreus. High levels of phenylalamine ammonia-lyase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, free proline, chitinase and & beta;-1,3-glucanase in H. marmoreus treated with CACP significantly enhanced resistance to T. harzianum. Further, CACP treatment decreased the content of relative electrical conductivity and lessened the accumulation of malondialdehyde. Thus, the CACP may be used as an alternative bio-fungicide to control the severe disease caused by T. harzianum in H. marmoreus after harvest.
摘要：
Due to the nonvolatility of deep eutectic solvents (DESs), the recycling and reuse of them is encountering a lot of problems in the extraction and separation field. In this study, temperature-switchable DESs (TS-DESs) were prepared and their temperature-responsive characteristics and phase diagram were studied. TS-DESs were further used as the recyclable extractants for extracting Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) below their lower critical solution temperature (LCST), and then they can be recovered from the extract above their LCST. The main factors influencing the extraction process were investigated in the single-factor experiments. A maximal extraction yield of 465 mg/g was obtained. The TS-DES was recovered and reused in recycling experiments. The recovery of TS-DES was 80.2 % after the fifth cyclic test. The obtained LBP was studied by determining its molecular weight, assessing its radical scavenging activity, and analyzing its monosaccharide constituents. This study presents a novel method for polysaccharide extraction, which can also provide guidance for bioactive compounds extraction using recyclable extractants.
摘要：
Siraitia grosvenorii pomace (SGP) was processed by solid-state fermentation with Eurotium cristatum. Metabolite differences between non-fermented Siraitia grosvenorii pomace (NFSGP) and E. cristatum fermented Siraitia grosvenorii pomace (FSGP) were investigated by LC-MS/MS-based untargeted metabolomic analysis. The anti-oxidant and anti-aging effect of NFSGP and FSGP was investigated through in vitro and in vivo assays using Caenorhabditis elegans model. Results showed that 263 metabolites had significant changes after fermentation. Fermentation with E. cristatum significantly increase most polyphenols, flavonoids and alkaloids, such as sinapic acid, quercetin and indole. The antioxidant activities of SGP were also significantly enhanced after fermentation by E. cristatum. Furthermore, NFSGP and FSGP could significantly prolong the life-span and enhanced the oxidative and heat stress resistance of C. elegans, and FSGP exhibited greater effects. Our study revealed that fermentation with E. cristatum could improve the nutritional value of SGP.
作者机构：
[谢慧; 刘素纯] College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410125, China;[武小芬; 陈亮; 王克勤; 邓明; 齐慧; 王振; 张祺玲; 刘安] Engineering Technology Research Center of Agricultural Biological Irradiation, Hunan Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Science and Space Mutation Breeding, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
通讯机构：
[Liu, S.] C;College of Food Science and Technology, China
