关键词：
Hybrid of Squaliobarbus curriculus (female) x Ctenopharyngodon idella (male);mitochondrial;genome
摘要：
In this work, we reported the complete mitochondrial DNA sequence of the hybrid of Squaliobarbus curriculus (female symbol) x Ctenopharyngodon idella (male symbol), which was obtained by artificial hybridization. The total length of the mitochondrial genome is 16,616 bp, with the base composition of 31.15% A, 25.02% T, 27.66% C, and 16.17% G. It contains 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and a major non-coding control region (D-loop region). The arrangement of these genes is the same as that found in the teleosts. All the protein initiation codons are ATG, except for COX1 that begins with GTG. The complete mitogenome of the hybrid of S. curriculus (female symbol) x C. idella (male symbol) provides an important data set for the study in genetic mechanism.
摘要：
Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were obtained for the large yellow croaker Pseudosciaena crocea using 1 205 expressed sequences tags (ESTs) from the NCBI database. Primers for 48 EST-SSR loci were designed and screened with 30 P.crocea specimens captured from Guanjingyang sea area in Fujian Province of China. Sixteen of the loci were polymorphic, which were amplified with 3 to 11 alleles per locus and the mean of 6.13.The observed and expected heterozygosity per locus ranged from 0.091 to 0.844 (mean 0.544) and from 0.118 to 0.892 (mean 0.644), respectively. Polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.115 to 0.866 (mean 0.593).The results for cross-species amplification of the 16 large yellow croaker EST-SSRs on P. polyactis, C. niveatus, C. lucidus, A. argentatus and J. belengeri revealed that 14, 12, 11, 7 and 6 loci were successfully amplified with 1 to 10 alleles with an average of 4.5 per locus, respectively, which are suitable for population genetics studies of these species and useful for phylogenetic relationship analysis among these species. Overall, this study provides a set of type I markers for population genetics studies and genome mapping for large yellow croaker and its closely related species
关键词：
Ran-iso;Ran isoform;UTR;untranslated region;Bp;base pair;ORF;open reading frame;WSSV;white spot syndrome virus;proPO;prophenoloxidase;NE;nuclear envelope;PjRan;a shrimp Ran gene;PCR;polymerase chain reaction;RACE;rapid amplification of cDNA ends;TdT;terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase;FBS;fetal bovine serum;EGFP;enhanced green fluorescent protein;CT;comparative threshold;SPSS;Statistics Package for Social Science;SD;standard deviation;DAPI;diamidino-2-phenylindole;RNAi;RNA interference;Shrimp (Marsupenaeus japonicus);Ran isoform gene (Ran-iso);Immunity;Real-time PCR;Up-regulated expression
摘要：
Diseases caused by viruses are the greatest challenge to worldwide shrimp aquaculture. Ran gene was an important antiviral gene identified from shrimp and its mRNA level was up-regulated in response to viral infection. In this investigation, a Ran isoform gene (named Ran-iso) cDNA was cloned from shrimp, Marsupenaeus japonicus. The full-length cDNA of Ran-iso was 1286 bp, including a 5'-terminal untranslated region (UTR) of 272 bp, 3'-terminal UTR of 366 bp and an open reading frame (ORF) of 648 bp encoding a polypeptide of 215 amino acids. The deduced protein was highly homologous, it shared 90.64%, 84.19%, 81.48% and 67.58% identities with Ran protein of shrimp, honey bee, human and tobacco respectively. Ran-iso gene was constitutively expressed in 6 tissues examined, including gill, hepatopancreas, hemolymph, heart, intestine and muscle. However, Ran-iso was highest expressed in hepatopancreas (p<0.01), whereas the expressions of other five tissues were equal and relatively low. Time course analysis showed that the expression level of Ran-iso was obviously up-regulated 2.8 times (at 6 h) as much as that in the control in the hepatopancreas challenged by WSSV. This investigation might provide a clue to elucidate the shrimp innate immunity and would be helpful to shrimp disease control. Published by Elsevier B.V.
摘要：
Alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG), a key intermediate in the Krebs cycle, has been reported to promote protein synthesis through activating mechanistic targeting of rapamycin (mTOR) in enterocytes. The study tested the hypothesis that AKG may enhance growth and milk protein synthesis in porcine mammary epithelial cells (PMECs). PMECs were cultured for 96 h in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s-F12 Ham medium (DMEM-F12) containing prolactin (2 µg/ml) and AKG (0 or 1.5 mM). At the end of 96-h culture, the abundance of apoptosis-related proteins (caspase-3, caspase-9), milk-specific proteins (α-lactalbumin and β-casein), mTOR signaling proteins (mTOR, p-mTOR, PERK, p-PERK, eIF2a, P70S6K and p-P70S6K), and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-associated proteins (BiP and CHOP) in PMEC were determined. Addition of AKG dose-dependently enhanced cell viability in the absence or presence of prolactin, with optimal concentrations of AKG being at 1.0 and 1.5 mM, respectively. In the presence of prolactin, addition of 1.5 mM AKG: (1) decreased (P < 0.05) the abundance of caspase-3 and caspase-9 by 21 and 39 %; (2) enhanced (P < 0.05) the phosphorylation of p-mTOR and p-P70S6K by 39 and 89 %, respectively; (3) increased (P < 0.05) the production of β-casein and α-lactalbumin by 16 and 20 %, respectively; (4) attenuated (P < 0.05) the expression of CHOP by 34 % but promoted (P < 0.05) the expression of BiP by 46 %; (5) increased (P < 0.05) the secretion of lactose by 15 %, when compared to the 0 mM AKG group. Rapamycin (50 nM; an inhibitor of mTOR) attenuated (P < 0.05) the stimulatory effect of AKG on mTOR signaling and syntheses of milk protein and lactose, while relieving (P < 0.05) an inhibitory effect of AKG on expression of proteins related to ERS. Collectively, our results indicate that AKG enhances milk protein production by modulating mTOR and ERS signaling pathways in PMECs.
通讯机构：
[Fu, Cuizhang] Wuhan Univ, Inst Hydrobiol, State Key Lab Freshwater Ecol & Biotechnol, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Common carp;Exhaustive exercise;Growth hormone (GH);Hematology;Transgenic
摘要：
This study examined the hematological profiles and responses to exhaustive exercise in 'all-fish' growth hormone (GH) transgenic common carp (Cyprinus carpio L) compared to non-transgenic controls. Transgenic fish had significantly smaller erythrocytes (length, width, surface area and volume), with a larger surface to volume ratios than non-transgenics. There were no significant differences in hematocrit, blood hemoglobin concentrations, plasma glucose, lactate, cholesterol and protein concentrations between the two strains at rest, but the transgenic fish had significantly lower resting mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentrations (MCHC) or higher plasma triglyceride concentrations than controls. Exhaustive exercise did not induce significant changes in hematocrit, hemoglobin concentrations and MCHC in either strain. The patterns of elevation and recovery in plasma glucose and lactate were the same for transgenic and control fish, although lactate levels were lower in the transgnic fish than controls at 1 h and 2 h post-exercise. There was a significant elevation in plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations for 1 h post-exercise in transgenics but not in non-transgenic controls. Plasma protein concentrations were not altered by exhaustive exercise in transgenics but were lower from 2 h post-exercise in non-transgenic controls. These findings suggest that the 'all-fish' GH transgene significantly affects the erythrocyte morphology and the patterns in hematological response to exhaustive exercise of common carp, especially for lipid metabolism. The greater reliance on triglycerides and a greater erythrocyte surface to volume ratio may help transgenic carp to recover from exhaustive exercise, but further research on muscle metabolism and aerobic metabolic rate are needed in order to confirm this conclusion. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
关键词：
Occurrence;Aflatoxin M1;Pasteurized milk;UHT milk;China;AFB1;aflatoxin B1;AFM1;aflatoxin M1;ELISA;enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay;EU;European Union;SD;standard deviation;UHT;ultra high temperature;USA;United States of America
摘要：
This survey was performed to assess the safety of milk in China, specifically by assessing the presence of aflatoxin Ml (AFMI) residues in pasteurized and ultra high temperature (UHT) milk. In 2014-2015, 193 samples of UHT milk were collected from different cities in China. In 2015, 38 samples of pasteurized milk were collected from different cities in China. AFM1 was detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). AFMI positivity was defined as a concentration exceeding the detection limit of the assay (0.005 mu g/kg). Other cut-offs that were used were the legal AFM1 limits in the European Union (EU) and China (0.05 and 0.5 mu g/kg, respectively). In 2014 and 2015, 88.6% and 59.6% of UHT milk samples were AFM1-positive, respectively. The pasteurized milk samples were less frequently AFM1-positive (47.4%). In 11.9% of the 2014-2015 UHT milk samples, the AFM1 levels exceeded the EU limit. This is lower than the frequency we recorded in 2010 (20.3%). None of the pasteurized milk samples exceeded the EU limit in 2015. The UHT milk samples from the north of China were less likely to be contaminated than the samples from the south in both 2014 and 2015. None of the samples exceeded the Chinese legal limit. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
摘要：
The Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 2 (TRPM2) is a member of G protein coupled receptor superfamily and a novel dual-function protein that possesses both ion channel and Adenosine 5′-Diphos-Phatase Ribose (ADPR) hydrolase function. TRPM2 is involved in Ca 2+ signaling in various cells as an endogenous redox sensor for oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species, and contributes to cytokine production, insulin release, motility, Ca 2+ entry and Ca 2+ -dependent cellular reactions such as endothelial hyper-permeability and apoptosis. The wide expression of TRPM2 might render it as a potentially significant therapeutic target in pathological settings including cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases and of great relevance in drug design, feed additives and other industries. Here, we discuss the TRPM2 gene structure, function, its variants, as well as its activators and inhibitors and provide a peptide drug design for modulation of oxidative stress.
关键词：
Large yellow croaker;RacGTPase;Immunization;GTP-binding activity;Up-regulated expression
摘要：
The Rac proteins are members of the Rho family of small G proteins and are implicated in the regulation of several pathways, including those leading to cytoskeleton reorganization, gene expression, cell proliferation, cell adhesion and cell migration and survival. In this investigation, a Rac gene (named as LycRac gene) was obtained from the large yellow croaker and it was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. Subsequently the specific antibody was raised using the purified fusion protein (GST-LycRac). Moreover, the GTP-binding assay showed that the LycRac protein had GTP-binding activity. The LycRac gene was ubiquitously transcribed and expressed in 9 tissues. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR and Western blot analysis revealed the highest expression in gill and the weakest expression in spleen. Time-course analysis revealed that LycRac expression was obviously up-regulated in blood, spleen and liver after immunization with polyinosinic polycytidynic acid (poly LC), formalin-inactive Gram-negative bacterium Vibrio parahemolyticus and bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS). These results suggested that LycRac protein might play an important role in the immune response against microorganisms in large yellow croaker. Crown Copyright (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
摘要：
Nutrient composition and pattern of food intake may play a significant role in weight gain. The aim of this study was to document the effects of a daily 3-meal pattern with isocaloric diets containing different dietary protein contents on growth performance and different plasma biochemical indexes including amino acid plasma concentration in castrated male pigs. Then, 21 DLY (DurocxLandracexYorkshire) pigs aged 60 days were assigned randomly into 3 groups: a control group (crude protein, CP 18.1%), a group receiving high then basal and then low CP meals (High-Low group) and a group receiving low then basal and then high CP meal (Low-High group) for 40 days with pigs being feed-restricted. On day 40, after 12 h fasting, blood samples were obtained for analysis. The results showed that the insulin/glucagon ratio was lower in the High-Low group (P<0.05) when compared with the control group. Compared with the control group, the average daily gain of pigs from the High-Low group increased by 14.10% (P = 0.046). Compared with the control group, serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) decreased significantly (P<0.05) in both the High-Low and Low-High groups. Plasma concentrations of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA: valine, isoleucine and leucine) increased in the Low-High group (P<0.05) when compared with the control group; and plasma methionine and serine decreased in both the two experimental groups (P<0.05). Compared with the High-Low group, all the BCAA increased significantly (P<0.05) in the Low-High group. These findings suggest that the sequence and quantity of alimentary protein intake affect the insulin/glucagon ratio, as well as amino acid concentrations including BCAA, methionine and serine. It is proposed that meal pattern with pigs receiving high then basal and then low CP meals daily may help to improve the weight gain of pigs.
摘要：
A useful application of homoarginine in animal nutrition is the determination of the true ileal digestibility (TID) of amino acids (AA) in swine complete diets and feed ingredients. The homoarginine method involves the conversion of dietary lysine to homoarginine in a guanidination reaction with methylisourea. Accurate determination of TID of AA, especially in heat-treated feed ingredients, is a key prerequisite for accurate diet formulation with respect to the provision of dietary AA. Thus, the aim of this review is to highlight the homoarginine methodology and its application in animal nutrition. Based on the data from published studies, the homoarginine method can be used to accurately determine the digestibility of lysine and the majority of other acid-stable AA in complete diets and feed ingredients fed to animals.
摘要：
This study was conducted to investigate effects of dynamic feeding low and high methionine (MET) diets on performance, egg quality traits, and serum metabolites in laying hens. A total of 180 laying hens (Brown Hy-line, 41 wk old) were allocated into 3 equal groups with 6 replicates each. The average egg production (EP) of each group was around 87% during one-week statistics before the formal experiment (P = 0.989). The control group (CON) received the control diet (contained 0.30% MET) at both 07:30 h and 15:30 hours. The low-high group (LH) received a low MET diet (containing 0.27% MET) at 07:30 h and high MET diet (containing 0.33% MET) at 15:30 hours. The high-low group (HL) received a high MET diet at 07:30 h and low MET diet at 15:30 hours. After 10 wk, blood samples were collected at 4-hour intervals in a daily cycle initially starting at 07:30 h before feeding. Results showed that the MET intake of a d was not influenced by the treatments (P > 0.05), respectively. The EP of the LH and HL group increased by 2.28 and 2.45% when compared with the CON group (P > 0.05). The hens in the LH group had a lower albumen ratio and thicker eggshell thickness than both CON and HL groups. Egg yolk ratio of the LH group was higher than the HL group (P < 0.05). The serum total cholesterol (TC), total triglyceride (TG), total protein (TP), and calcium (Ca) of the LH group was significantly lower at 07:30 h than the CON and HL groups, and the serum TG of the HL group was lower at 07:30 h than the CON group (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the LH group also had the lowest value of serum TP at 23:30 h and 03:30 h (P < 0.05). These results demonstrated that dynamic feeding low and high MET diets might alter the circadian variation of serum TC, TG, TP, and Ca, which is consistent with the change of component ratio of egg albumen and yolk and eggshell thickness.
摘要：
Lysine is a common limiting amino acid in human and animal diets and plays an important role in cell proliferation and metabolism. Our previous study suggested that short-term lysine restriction improved feed intake. Herein, we further investigated the long-term effects of lysine restriction on intestinal microbial communities and metabolic profiles in pigs by 16S rDNA sequencing and metabolomic analysis. The results showed that 30% lysine limitation increased the feed intake in piglets but not in growing and finishing pigs. Microbiota sequencing was conducted, and we identified 12 differentiated microbes at the genus level in response to dietary lysine restriction. Metagenomic predictions by PICRUSt suggested that the altered microbiota was mainly involved in the host metabolism, especially in amino acid metabolism. Intestinal metabolomic study identified 20 differentiated metabolites in finishing pigs, which were mapped into 5 metabolic pathways including glutamine and glutamate metabolism, taurine metabolism, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, vitamin B6 metabolism, and pentose and glucoronate metabolism. Determination of serum amino acids and intestinal amino acid transporters further validated the results obtained from PICRUSt and metabolomic analyses, which showed that long-term lysine restriction influenced amino acid metabolism. Phosphorylation of mTOR in the intestine was not altered in lysine-restricted pigs, whereas lysine limitation markedly inhibited the AMPK signaling. In conclusion, long-term lysine restriction from piglets to finishing pigs affected the amino acid metabolism, which might be associated with gut microbiota and AMPK signaling.
摘要：
The epidermal growth factor (EGF) has been widely used for protection of stress-induced intestinal mucosa dysfunction. However, whether EGF would alleviate oxidative injury and reduce apoptosis in porcine intestine is not yet known. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of EGF on lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced induction of oxidative stress and ensuing apoptosis in the porcine intestinal epithelial cell line, IPEC-J2. The present study showed that EGF significantly increased cell viability and decreased the LPS-induced induction of apoptosis, dehydrogenase (LDH) release and malonaldehyde (MDA) production. EGF also (i) decreased expression of the pro-apoptotic genes Fas, Bax, Cascase-3, Cascase-8, Cascase-9, and proteins such as P53, Fas, Bax, Caspase3; (ii) increased antiapoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2) expression; (iii) increased mRNA levels of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) related genes Nrf2, manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), heme oxygenase (HO-1) and quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1); (iv) protein level of Nrf2-realeted proteins Nrf2, HO-1, NQO1; and (v) total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), CAT, SOD, GSH-Px concentrations. Collectively, our results indicated that EGF enhanced Nrf2 protein expression, and upregulated the expression of phase II metabolizing enzymes (such as HO-1 and NQO1) and antioxidative enzymes (SOD, CAT and GSH-Px) to alleviate oxidative injury, and then protect IPEC-J2 cells from apoptosis induced by LPS.
摘要：
Sub-therapeutic antibiotics are widely used as growth promoters in the poultry industry; however, the resulting antibiotic resistance threatens public health. A plant-derived growth promoter, Macleaya cordata extract (MCE), with effective ingredients of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, is a potential alternative to antibiotic growth promoters. Altered intestinal microbiota play important roles in growth promotion, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. We generated 1.64 terabases of metagenomic data from 495 chicken intestinal digesta samples and constructed a comprehensive chicken gut microbial gene catalog (9.04 million genes), which is also the first gene catalog of an animal’s gut microbiome that covers all intestinal compartments. Then, we identified the distinctive characteristics and temporal changes in the foregut and hindgut microbiota. Next, we assessed the impact of MCE on chickens and gut microbiota. Chickens fed with MCE had improved growth performance, and major microbial changes were confined to the foregut, with the predominant role of Lactobacillus being enhanced, and the amino acids, vitamins, and secondary bile acids biosynthesis pathways being upregulated, but lacked the accumulation of antibiotic-resistance genes. In comparison, treatment with chlortetracycline similarly enriched some biosynthesis pathways of nutrients in the foregut microbiota, but elicited an increase in antibiotic-producing bacteria and antibiotic-resistance genes. The reference gene catalog of the chicken gut microbiome is an important supplement to animal gut metagenomes. Metagenomic analysis provides insights into the growth-promoting mechanism of MCE, and underscored the importance of utilizing safe and effective growth promoters.
摘要：
Background/Aims: Early weaning often causes gut dysfunction. Since serine alleviates oxidative stress and inflammatory response which are accompany with early weaning, we conducted the study to explore whether serine improves intestinal function in early-weaned piglets. Methods: Twenty-eight weaned piglets (aged 21 d) were fed either a basal diet or a basal diet plus 0.2% serine. We determined the effects of dietary serine supplementation on intestinal morphology by hematoxylin and eosin staining, expression of tight junction proteins (TJPs) by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence, expression of inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis markers by RT-qPCR and the level of antioxidant enzymes with ELISA kits in early-weaned piglets. Results: Serine supplementation increased daily body weight gain while decreasing diarrhea incidence. Both the jejunum and ileum of serine-supplemented piglets showed regularly arranged villi and microvilli. Moreover, dietary serine increased TJP expression, and alleviated apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress in the intestine of early-weaned piglets. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that serine has the potential for use as a feed additive to prevent gut dysfunction caused by weaning. (C) 2018 The Author(s) Published by S. Karger AG, Basel
摘要：
The antimicrobial peptide buforin II contains residues Thr16 to Lys36 of buforin I and exhibits antimicrobial activity that is twice as potent as that of its parent peptide. Buforin II was expressed in Pichia pastoris FZM(2009) as a fusion peptide linked to porcine interferon-a and tested as an alternative to antimicrobial growth-promoters in pig production. Fifteen Landrace x Yorkshire barrows (5.55 +/- 0.49 kg), weaned at 21 days of age, were challenged with three enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains. The animals were randomly divided into 3 groups with 5 barrows in each, fed a maize-soybean meal diet, and orally dosed with 5 mL sterile water (CON), 5 mL buforin II (BF; 0.05 mg/mL in sterile water), or 5 mL colistin sulphate (CS; 0.5 mg/mL in sterile water) twice daily for 21 days. Compared with CS and CON, oral administration of BF increased (P<0.05) daily weight gain, feed intake gain, and feed conversion. The expression of tight junction proteins and protective factors in the small intestine also increased in BF-treated piglets. Compared with the CON group, oral administration of BF and CS decreased (P<0.05) for the abundance of hemolytic E. coli in rectal swabs. Collectively, our results indicate that oral administration of buforin II protects small intestinal mucosal membrane integrity by increasing the abundance of tight junction proteins and enhancing the expression of protective factors, and can reduce hemolytic E. coli concentrations in the intestines of piglets. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
